ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1995
Identification of a member of the interferon regulatory factor family that binds to the interferon-stimulated response element and activates expression of interferon-induced genes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1995. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers.
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Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 388 citations in OpenAlex.
- IFN-α and IFN-β inhibit NLRP1-driven PANoptosis.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Pigeon employs a conserved IRF7 gene to mediate innate immune response.Poultry science · 2026Article
- CircCLMP Suppresses Anti-Tumor Immunity by Inhibiting Activation of IRF3 and Interferon Response in Microsatellite Instability-high Endometrial Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- The role of interferon regulatory factors in atherosclerosis: from cell type-specific mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Comparative Transcriptomics Analyses Identify DDX43 as a Cellular Regulator Involved in Suppressing HSV-2 Replication.Viruses · 2025Article
- IRF3 in viral infections: more than just triggering the interferon response.Genes and immunity · 2025Review
- Identification of polymorphisms and genetic diversity studies of interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3) gene in Muturu,White Fulani and N'Dama cattle.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Luciferase Reporter Systems in Investigating Interferon Antiviral Innate Immunity.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Dietary supplementation with nano-zinc modulates the expression of the antiviral immune geneFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interferon Regulatory Factors (Genes · 2024Article
- Article
- The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- IRF3 function and immunological gaps in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Herpes simplex virus infected cell protein 8 is required for viral inhibition of the cGAS pathway.Virology · 2023Article
- The Cytomegalovirus M35 Protein Directly Binds to the Interferon-β Enhancer and Modulates Transcription ofJournal of virology · 2023Article
- STING agonism turns human T cells into interferon-producing cells but impedes their functionality.EMBO reports · 2023Article
- Zebrafish HERC7c Acts as an Inhibitor of Fish IFN Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The diverse repertoire of ISG15: more intricate than initially thought.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2022Review
- IRF4 as an Oncogenic Master Transcription Factor.Cancers · 2022Review
- DNA-PKcs restrictsFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A family of interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs) have been shown to play a role in transcription of IFN genes as well as IFN-stimulated genes. We report the identification of a member of the IRF family which we have named IRF-3. The IRF-3 gene is present in a single copy in human genomic DNA. It is expressed constitutively in a variety of tissues and no increase in the relative steady-state levels of IRF-3 mRNA was observed in virus-infected or IFN-treated cells. The IRF-3 gene encodes a 50-kDa protein that binds specifically to the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) but not to the IRF-1 binding site PRD-I. Overexpression of IRF-3 stimulates expression of the IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) promoter, an ISRE-containing promoter. The murine IFNA4 promoter, which can be induced by IRF-1 or viral infection, is not induced by IRF-3. Expression of IRF-3 as a Gal4 fusion protein does not activate expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene containing repeats of the Gal4 binding sites, indicating that this protein does not contain the transcription transactivation domain. The high amino acid homology between IRF-3 and ISG factor 3 gamma polypeptide (ISGF3 gamma) and their similar binding properties indicate that, like ISGF3 gamma, IRF-3 may activate transcription by complex formation with other transcriptional factors, possibly members of the Stat family. Identification of this ISRE-binding protein may help us to understand the specificity in the various Stat pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.