ArticleJournal of virology1996
The promoter activity of long terminal repeats of the HERV-H family of human retrovirus-like elements is critically dependent on Sp1 family proteins interacting with a GC/GT box located immediately 3' to the TATA box.
Article in Journal of virology, 1996. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent ZnAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sp3 is essential for normal lung morphogenesis and cell cycle progression during mouse embryonic development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Endogenous Retrovirus RNA Expression Differences between Race, Stage and HPV Status Offer Improved Prognostication among Women with Cervical Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- TFs for TEs: the transcription factor repertoire of mammalian transposable elements.Genes & development · 2021Review
- Comprehensive Characterization of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K(HML-6) Group: Overview of Structure, Phylogeny, and Contribution to the Human Genome.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Expressional activation and functional roles of human endogenous retroviruses in cancers.Reviews in medical virology · 2019Review
- The Exaptation of HERV-H: Evolutionary Analyses Reveal the Genomic Features of Highly Transcribed Elements.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Systematic identification and characterization of regulatory elements derived from human endogenous retroviruses.PLoS genetics · 2017Article
- The intron-enriched HERV-K(HML-10) family suppresses apoptosis, an indicator of malignant transformation.Mobile DNA · 2016Article
- Detecting endogenous retrovirus-driven tissue-specific gene transcription.Genome biology and evolution · 2015Article
- Human endogenous retroviruses and the nervous system.Handbook of clinical neurology · 2014Review
- HERV-K(HML-2), the Best Preserved Family of HERVs: Endogenization, Expression, and Implications in Health and Disease.Frontiers in oncology · 2013Review
- Endogenous retroviruses as targets for antitumor immunity in renal cell cancer and other tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2013Review
- Article
- Transposable elements reveal a stem cell-specific class of long noncoding RNAs.Genome biology · 2012Article
- Expression patterns of non-coding spliced transcripts from human endogenous retrovirus HERV-H elements in colon cancer.PloS one · 2012Article
- Expression of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) group HML-2/HERV-K does not depend on canonical promoter elements but is regulated by transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Human endogenous retroviral long terminal repeat sequences as cell type-specific promoters in retroviral vectors.Journal of virology · 2009Article
- Evolutionary conservation of orthoretroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs) and ab initio detection of single LTRs in genomic data.PloS one · 2009Article
- Sequence variability, gene structure, and expression of full-length human endogenous retrovirus H.Journal of virology · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The HERV-H family of endogenous retrovirus-like elements is widely distributed in the human genome, with about 1,000 full-length elements and a similar number of solitary long terminal repeats (LTRs). HERV-H LTRs have been shown to direct the transcription of both HERV-H-encoded and adjacent cellular genes. Transcripts of HERV-H elements are especially abundant in placenta, teratocarcinoma cell lines, and cell lines derived from testicular and lung tumors. Here we report that only a subset of HERV-H LTRs display promoter activity in human cell lines and that these LTRs are characterized by the presence of a GC/GT box immediately downstream of the TATA box. This GC/GT box is required for promoter activity, while, surprisingly, the TATA box is dispensable. The ubiquitously expressed transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 bound to this GC/GT box and stimulated transcription from the promoter-active LTRs in the teratocarcinoma cell line NTera2-D1. However, in HeLa and Drosophila SL-2 cells, Sp1 acted as a transcriptional activator of the LTRs, while Sp3 acted as a repressor of Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation. Cotransfection studies also revealed that the tissue-specific Sp1-related protein BTEB bound to this GC/GT box and stimulated transcription from the LTR promoters in NTera2-D1 cells. These results show that members of the Sp1 protein family are crucial determinants for transcriptional activation of HERV-H LTR promoters and suggest that these proteins may also be involved in determining the tissue-specific expression pattern of HERV-H elements.
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