ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1993
Extracellular dopamine concentration in the retina of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visualizing Extracellular Dopamine Dynamics in the Retina Reveals a Biphasic Reduction During Initial Myopia Development.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Differences in the Effect of Dopamine on the Phototransduction Between Lampreys and Jawed Vertebrates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Retinal Angiogenesis in Methamphetamine Self-Administration Rats.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Distinct Transcriptomic Profiles of Cultured Anterior and Posterior Populations of Human Infant Scleral Fibroblasts: Including Dopamine Receptors.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Modulating amacrine cell-derived dopamine signaling promotes optic nerve regeneration and preserves visual function.Science advances · 2024Article
- Circadian clock organization in the retina: From clock components to rod and cone pathways and visual function.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2023Review
- Is there a relationship between dopamine and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment?Neural regeneration research · 2020Article
- Dopaminergic Modulation of Signal Processing in a Subset of Retinal Bipolar Cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- An opsin 5-dopamine pathway mediates light-dependent vascular development in the eye.Nature cell biology · 2019Article
- The Retina and Other Light-sensitive Ocular Clocks.Journal of biological rhythms · 2016Review
- Role of dopamine in distal retina.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2014Review
- Gap junction permeability modulated by dopamine exerts effects on spatial and temporal correlation of retinal ganglion cells' firing activities.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2014Article
- Effects of dopamine on response properties of ON-OFF RGCs in encoding stimulus durations.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2014Article
- Effects of dopamine receptor blockade on the intensity-response function of electroretinographic b- and d-waves in light-adapted eyes.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2014Article
- Stimulus discrimination via responses of retinal ganglion cells and dopamine-dependent modulation.Neuroscience bulletin · 2013Article
- Dopamine and full-field illumination activate D1 and D2-D5-type receptors in adult rat retinal ganglion cells.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2012Article
- Extracellular diffusion in laminar brain structures exemplified by hippocampus.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2012Article
- Extrasynaptic exocytosis and its mechanisms: a source of molecules mediating volume transmission in the nervous system.Frontiers in physiology · 2012Article
- Adaptation-dependent synchronous activity contributes to receptive field size change of bullfrog retinal ganglion cell.PloS one · 2012Article
- Cell-autonomous alteration of dopaminergic transmission by wild type and mutant (DeltaE) TorsinA in transgenic mice.Neurobiology of disease · 2010Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dopamine reaches targets in the outer retina of the clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) by diffusion from a network of dopaminergic cells and processes located predominantly at the junction of inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers. We obtained values for the steady-state release, uptake, and extracellular concentration of dopamine in the retina by a combination of HPLC (with electrochemical detection), scintillation spectroscopy, and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Vitreal concentrations of dopamine varied from 564 +/- 109 nM in light-adapted eyes near the time of subjective dawn to 156 +/- 12 nM in dark-adapted eyes. The data are consistent with a simple model for steady-state dopamine diffusion from an appropriately sited thin-sheet source. This model was used to generate a profile of extracellular dopamine concentration as a function of retinal depth. The model predicted an increase in the dopamine concentration from the vitreous to the layer of dopaminergic cells, remaining constant from that layer to the distal tips of the photoreceptors. This prediction was borne out by comparing fast-scan voltammetric measures of dopamine at the distal tips of the receptors with the vitreal concentrations determined by HPLC using electrochemical detection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.