ArticleJournal of virology1993
Antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to the vpr gene inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in primary human macrophages.
Article in Journal of virology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- The HIV-1Viruses · 2024Article
- HIV replication and latency in monocytes and macrophages.Seminars in immunology · 2021Review
- Protein ArginineViruses · 2020Article
- The HIV-1 Vpr Protein: A Multifaceted Target for Therapeutic Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Article
- HIV relies on neddylation for ubiquitin ligase-mediated functions.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Inhibition of NF-κB activity by HIV-1 Vpr is dependent on Vpr binding protein.Journal of cellular physiology · 2013Article
- Review
- The functions of the HIV1 protein Vpr and its action through the DCAF1.DDB1.Cullin4 ubiquitin ligase.Cytokine · 2010Review
- Macrophage signaling in HIV-1 infection.Retrovirology · 2010Review
- Polymerase-endonuclease amplification reaction (PEAR) for large-scale enzymatic production of antisense oligonucleotides.PloS one · 2010Article
- Regulation of HIV-1 transcription in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage.Retrovirology · 2009Review
- Activation of the ATR pathway by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr involves its direct binding to chromatin in vivo.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Depletion of Wee-1 kinase is necessary for both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr- and gamma irradiation-induced apoptosis.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Molecular pathways in virus-induced cytokine production.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2001Review
- Impairment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into Jurkat T cells by constitutive expression of the HIV-1 vpr protein: role of CD4 down-modulation.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Activation of transcription factors NF-kappaB and NF-IL-6 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein R (Vpr) induces interleukin-8 expression.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Cell cycle-regulated transcription by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat transactivator.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene is essential for HIV-1 infection in activated T cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 1999Article
- Interaction with the p6 domain of the gag precursor mediates incorporation into virions of Vpr and Vpx proteins from primate lentiviruses.Journal of virology · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The replication of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) in human macrophages is influenced by genetic determinants which have been mapped predominantly to the viral envelope. However, in HIV-2, the vpr gene has also been suggested as an important modulator of viral expression in human macrophages. We synthesized five antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the vpr mRNA of HIV-1Ba-L, a highly macrophage-tropic viral strain, and measured their effect on HIV-1Ba-L replication in primary human macrophages. All of the oligodeoxynucleotides displayed some level of non-sequence-specific inhibition of viral replication; however, only the antisense one had an additional effect on viral production in primary macrophages. Of the five antisense oligodeoxynucleotides tested, only one did not show any additional effect on viral production, whereas all the others inhibited viral replication to a similar degree (70 to 100%). Variation in the degree of inhibition was observed by using five different donors of human primary macrophages. The phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, targeted to the initiating methionine of the Vpr protein, had an inhibitory effect at both 20 and 10 microM only when the size was increased from 24 to 27 bases. Thus, HIV-1 replication in human macrophages is modulated by the expression of the vpr gene, and it is conceivable that vpr antisense oligodeoxynucleotides could be used in combination with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against other HIV-1 regulatory genes to better control viral expression in human macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.