ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1993
Nuclear extracts of chicken embryos promote an active demethylation of DNA by excision repair of 5-methyldeoxycytidine.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gadd45 in DNA Demethylation and DNA Repair.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Apobec2 deficiency causes mitochondrial defects and mitophagy in skeletal muscle.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2018Article
- Chick embryo extract demethylates tumor suppressor genes in osteosarcoma cells.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2014Article
- Catalog of mRNA expression patterns for DNA methylating and demethylating genes in developing mouse lower urinary tract.Gene expression patterns : GEP · 2013Article
- Solubilization and identification of hen eggshell membrane proteins during different times of chicken embryo development using the proteomic approach.The protein journal · 2013Article
- DNA methylation dynamics in health and disease.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2013Review
- Looking beyond the DNA sequence: the relevance of DNA methylation processes for the stress-diathesis model of depression.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2013Review
- DNA methylation, the early-life social environment and behavioral disorders.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2011Article
- The early life social environment and DNA methylation: DNA methylation mediating the long-term impact of social environments early in life.Epigenetics · 2011Review
- The implications of DNA methylation for toxicology: toward toxicomethylomics, the toxicology of DNA methylation.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2011Article
- Regulation and function of DNA methylation in plants and animals.Cell research · 2011Review
- Active DNA demethylation: many roads lead to Rome.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2010Review
- Epigenetic therapeutics in autoimmune disease.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2010Review
- Active DNA demethylation in human postmitotic cells correlates with activating histone modifications, but not transcription levels.Genome biology · 2010Article
- DNA hypomethylation in the origin and pathogenesis of human diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2009Review
- DNA excision repair proteins and Gadd45 as molecular players for active DNA demethylation.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2009Review
- Active DNA demethylation mediated by DNA glycosylases.Annual review of genetics · 2009Review
- Thymine DNA glycosylase represses myocardin-induced smooth muscle cell differentiation by competing with serum response factor for myocardin binding.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2008Article
- Diet and the epigenetic (re)programming of phenotypic differences in behavior.Brain research · 2008Review
- Epigenetics, behaviour, and health.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2008Article
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1 author.
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Abstract
Here I show that nuclear extracts of chicken embryos can promote the active demethylation of DNA. The evidence shows that in hemimethylated DNA (i.e., methylated on one strand only) demethylation of 5mCpG occurs through nucleotide excision repair. The first step of demethylation is the formation of specific nicks 5' from 5-methyldeoxycytidine. Nicks are also observed in vitro on symmetrically methylated CpGs (i.e., methylated on both strands) but they result in breakage of the oligonucleotide with no repair. No specific nicks are observed on the nonmethylated CpG. Nicks are strictly 5mCpG specific and do not occur on 5mCpC, 5mCpT, 5mCpA, or 6mApT. The effect of nonspecific nuclease(s) has been ruled out. The nicking of mCpG takes place in the presence of 20 mM EDTA irrespective of the nature of the sequence surrounding the 5mCpG. No methylcytosine glycosylase activity could be detected. The repair is aphidicolin and N-ethylmaleimide resistant, suggesting a repair action by DNA polymerase beta. In extracts of chicken embryos, the excision repair of mCpG is highest between the 6th and the 12th day of development, whereas it is barely detectable in nuclear extracts from different organs of adults. The possible implications of 5mCpG endonuclease activity in active demethylation of DNA during differentiation is discussed.
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