ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics1993
The haplotype-relative-risk (HRR) method for analysis of association in nuclear families.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2010Pooled it
- ADHD and the DRD4 exon III 7-repeat polymorphism: an international meta-analysis.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2010Pooled it
- Haplin power analysis: a software module for power and sample size calculations in genetic association analyses of family triads and unrelated controls.BMC bioinformatics · 2019Article
- Parent-of-origin-environment interactions in case-parent triads with or without independent controls.Annals of human genetics · 2018Article
- Inherited platelet disorders: Insight from platelet genomics using next-generation sequencing.Platelets · 2017Review
- Family-based designs for genome-wide association studies.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2011Review
- Evaluating diagnostic accuracy of genetic profiles in affected offspring families.Statistics in medicine · 2010Article
- Combined haplotype relative risk (CHRR): a general and simple genetic association test that combines trios and unrelated case-controls.Genetic epidemiology · 2009Article
- Multipoint linkage-disequilibrium-mapping approach based on the case-parent trio design.American journal of human genetics · 2001Article
- Comparison of tests for association and linkage in incomplete families.American journal of human genetics · 2000Article
- Detection of disease genes by use of family data. II. Application to nuclear families.American journal of human genetics · 2000Article
- Detection of disease genes by use of family data. I. Likelihood-based theory.American journal of human genetics · 2000Article
- Genetics and pulmonary medicine. 3. Genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis in human populations.Thorax · 1998Review
- Genetic association mapping based on discordant sib pairs: the discordant-alleles test.American journal of human genetics · 1998Article
- Association mapping of disease loci, by use of a pooled DNA genomic screen.American journal of human genetics · 1997Article
- Transmission-disequilibrium tests for quantitative traits.American journal of human genetics · 1997Article
- Power studies for the transmission/disequilibrium tests with multiple alleles.American journal of human genetics · 1997Article
- Linkage and association of the HLA gene complex with IDDM in 81 Danish families: strong linkage between DR beta 1Lys71+ and IDDM.Journal of medical genetics · 1996Article
- Gene environment interaction.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 1996Review
- Linkage disequilibrium and extended haplotypes in the HLA-A to D6S105 region: implications for mapping the hemochromatosis gene (HFE).Human genetics · 1996Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One major problem in studying an association between a marker locus and a disease is the selection of an appropriate group of controls. However, this problem of population stratification can be circumvented in a quite elegant manner by family-based methods. The haplotype-relative-risk (HRR) method, which samples nuclear families with a single affected child and uses the parental haplotypes not transmitted to that child as a control individual, represents such a method for estimating the relative risk of a marker phenotype. In the special case of a recessive disease, it was already known that the equivalence of the HRR method with the classical relative risk (RR) obtained from independent samples holds only if the probability theta of a recombination between marker and disease locus is zero. We extend this result to an arbitrary mode of inheritance. Furthermore, we compare the distribution of the estimators for HRR and RR and show that, in the case of a positive linkage disequilibrium between a marker and disease allele, the distribution of the estimator for HRR is (stochastically) smaller than that for RR, irrespective of the recombination fraction. The practical implication of this result is that, for the HRR method, there is no tendency to give unduly high risk estimators, even for theta > 0. Finally, we give an expression for the standard error of the estimator for HRR by taking into account the nonindependence of transmitted and nontransmitted parental marker alleles in the case of theta > 0.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8503442PMC1682286What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.