ArticleInfection and immunity1993
Oral immunization with Toxoplasma gondii antigens in association with cholera toxin induces enhanced protective and cell-mediated immunity in C57BL/6 mice.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Isolation and detection of a KDEL-tagged recombinant cholera toxin B subunit fromProcess biochemistry (Barking, London, England) · 2021Article
- Oral immunisation of mice with transgenic rice calli expressing cholera toxin B subunit fused to consensus dengue cEDIII antigen induces antibodies to all four dengue serotypes.Plant molecular biology · 2016Article
- Induction of Protective Immunity against Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice Vaccinated with Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry-1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Review
- Molecular cloning, sequencing, and biological characterization of GRA4 gene of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasitology research · 2013Article
- Cholera toxin: a paradigm of a multifunctional protein.The Indian journal of medical research · 2011Review
- Cholera toxin inhibits IL-12 production and CD8alpha+ dendritic cell differentiation by cAMP-mediated inhibition of IRF8 function.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2009Article
- Long-term protective immune response elicited by vaccination with an expression genomic library of Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- Mucosal immunization with helicobacter, CpG DNA, and cholera toxin is protective.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- Intranasal immunization with SAG1 and nontoxic mutant heat-labile enterotoxins protects mice against Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
- Intranasal immunization with Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 induces protective cells into both NALT and GALT compartments.Infection and immunity · 2000Article
- Replication-defective adenovirus infection reduces Helicobacter felis colonization in the mouse in a gamma interferon- and interleukin-12-dependent manner.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- Effects of adjuvants on the immune response to allergens in a murine model of allergen inhalation: cholera toxin induces a Th1-like response to Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1998Article
- Development of antibody-secreting cells and antigen-specific T cells in cervical lymph nodes after intranasal immunization.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
- Intranasal immunization with SAG1 protein of Toxoplasma gondii in association with cholera toxin dramatically reduces development of cerebral cysts after oral infection.Infection and immunity · 1996Article
- Neutralization of HIV-1 by secretory IgA induced by oral immunization with a new macromolecular multicomponent peptide vaccine candidate.Nature medicine · 1995Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following oral immunization of C57BL/6 mice with a Toxoplasma gondii sonicate (TSo) in association with either cholera toxin (CT) or CT B subunit, the T. gondii-specific in vitro proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes was determined. Cytokines produced by these T cells were then characterized. After oral challenge with T. gondii 76K cysts, the percentage of cumulative survival was assessed, as was the number of brain cysts in the mice which survived. The TSo-specific proliferation of splenic T lymphocytes was greatly enhanced by the use of CT, whereas CT B subunit alone did not lead to amplification of splenic T-cell proliferation. The use of CT was associated with an increase of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon synthesis by TSo-stimulated splenic T cells, whereas no enhancement of IL-5 and IL-6 production was observed. IL-4 was not detected. A significant protection of mice immunized orally with TSo plus CT was observed in comparison with those immunized with TSo alone. This protection was associated with a large decrease in the number of brain cysts compared with the number found in naive mice infected orally with a sublethal dose of T. gondii 76K cysts. Further studies, using well-defined T. gondii proteins which are known to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses, are needed to confirm the value of CT in the enhancement of protection against oral toxoplasmosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.