ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1993
Cytokine patterns in the pathogenesis of human leishmaniasis.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 363 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Involvement in Leishmaniasis.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: Perspectives on Immunity, Virulence, and Treatment.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- An overview of host immune responses against Leishmania spp. infections.Human molecular genetics · 2025Review
- Article
- Cytokine and phenotypic cell profiles in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani.PloS one · 2023Article
- Opinion Article: NK Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Protection or Damage?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Potential biomarkers of immune protection in human leishmaniasis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Review
- Granulomas in parasitic diseases: the good and the bad.Parasitology research · 2020Review
- Leishmaniasis immunopathology-impact on design and use of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs.Seminars in immunopathology · 2020Review
- Activated cytotoxic T cells within zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2019Article
- Assessment of intralesional cytokine profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka.BMC microbiology · 2019Article
- Histological and immunological differences between zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major and sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2019Article
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: The Complexity of Host's Effective Immune Response against a Polymorphic Parasitic Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2019Review
- Mannose receptor high, M2 dermal macrophages mediate nonhealingThe Journal of experimental medicine · 2018Article
- Circulating Senescent T Cells Are Linked to Systemic Inflammation and Lesion Size During Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Observational
- Cytotoxic activity in cutaneous leishmaniasis.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Review
- Interleukin-10 and Interferon-γ Levels in Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treated with Cryotherapy.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2017Article
- In situ immunopathological changes in cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania donovani.Parasite immunology · 2017Article
- Possible Interrelationship of Inflammatory Cells in Dry Type Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Iranian journal of pathology · 2017Article
- Nivolumab EnhancesFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The host response to infection appears to be regulated by specific patterns of local cytokine production. In the mouse, resistance to many pathogens including Leishmania is associated with a TH1 cytokine profile, IL-2 and IFN-gamma; whereas susceptibility to infection is associated with production of TH2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. To determine the cytokine patterns of the local immune response to Leishmania infection in humans, we used the polymerase chain reaction to compare cytokine mRNAs in biopsy specimens of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. In localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and the Montenegro delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, type 1 cytokine mRNAs such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, and lymphotoxin were relatively predominant. In the chronic and destructive mucocutaneous form of leishmaniasis, there was a mixture of type 1 and type 2 cytokines, with a striking abundance of IL-4 mRNA in lesions. These results suggest that clinical course of infection with Leishmania braziliensis in man is associated with specific local patterns of cytokine production.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.