ReviewClinical microbiology reviews1993
Paracoccidioidomycosis: an update.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 223 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
223 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 716 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic background and immune response in paracoccidioidomycosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of single nucleotide variants.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Drugs for treating paracoccidioidomycosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2006Pooled it
- FDG-PET/CT Demonstrates Superior Detection of Multiorgan Involvement in Paracoccidioidomycosis Compared With Conventional Staging.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- A surprising diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis from routine bacterial culture of chronic finger lesions.ASM case reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the Diversity and Distribution of Medico-Veterinary Fungal Diseases in Africa: Harnessing a Multisectoral One Health Strategy for Cost-Effective Prevention and Preparedness.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Antibody and antigen detection methods for dimorphic fungal infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Paracoccidioides lutzii Infects Galleria mellonella Employing Formamidase as a Virulence Factor.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- MDSCs use a complex molecular network to suppress T-cell immunity in a pulmonary model of fungal infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Changes in fungal taxonomy: mycological rationale and clinical implications.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Proteomics ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: Squamous cell carcinoma versus oral paracoccidioidomycosis, a case from a dermatological perspectiveBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2023Article
- The immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in murine Paracoccidioidomycosis relies on Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and Dectin-1 and TLRs signaling.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Insights into Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Central Nervous System Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Comprehensive Review.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2023Review
- Identification and immunogenic potential of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins inFrontiers in fungal biology · 2023Article
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with impaired Th1 and Th17 responses and severe pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis which is reversed by anti-Gr1 therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Paracoccidioidomycosis: Current Status and Future Trends.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- [Chronic pulmonary mycosis due to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2022Article
- Paracoccidioidomycosis: What We Know and What Is New in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Immunologic Diagnosis of Endemic Mycoses.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
163 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review summarizes knowledge on various aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis. Mycelial propagules, chlamydospores, and arthroconidia exhibit thermal dimorphism; arthroconidia are infectious in animals and, by electron microscopy, appear well provided for survival. The mycelial-to-yeast-phase transformation requires a strict control of glucan synthesis probably mediated by membrane enzymes. Hormonal influences on the transformation of the fungus (mycelium or conidium to yeast phase) have been demonstrated. Estrogen-binding proteins have been detected in the fungal cytosol, and during the transformation novel proteins are produced as a result of estradiol incorporation. Clinical forms have been better defined on the basis of better experimental models. Emphasis has been placed on the lungs as the portal of entry and on the existence of silent pulmonary infections. A specific Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen, the 43-kDa glycoprotein (Gp43), has been identified, characterized, and cloned. This has led to improved reproducibility and specificity of serologic tests. The depression of cell-mediated immune responses has been associated with severe disease in humans and in the experimental host. T-cell subsets in patients' tissues were characterized by means of monoclonal antibodies, and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio was demonstrated. This has been related to alterations in lymphokine and tumor necrosis factor production, production of antigen-antibody complexes, etc. Amphotericin B has provided effective therapy. Azole derivatives have also improved prognosis and facilitated therapy. Itraconazole is presently the drug of choice, yet incapacitating sequelae (mainly pulmonary fibrosis) still constitute major problems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.