Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of adrenal medullary cells of young adult and aged rats after glutaraldehyde fixation and potassium dichromate treatment.

X-ray microanalysis has been used to detect chromium in the histochemical reaction product resulting from the reaction of noradrenaline with glutaraldehyde during fixation of the rat adrenal medulla and subsequent treatment with potassium dichromate. In unstained ultrathin sections, noradrenaline cells can be identified by their content of highly electron-dense storage granules, which enables individual granules to be analysed quantitatively to assess the amount of bound chromium within them. In young adult (4-month-old) rats the mean chromium content of noradrenaline-containing adrenal medullary granules was 443.6 +/- 50.7 mM/kg dry weight. In aged (24-month-old) animals the mean chromium content was 267.0 +/- 64.0 mM/kg dry weight which was significantly (P < 0.01) lower then the value for the young adult rats. Some noradrenaline cells contained granule populations, which were markedly less electron dense than those in the young adults and this is reflected in the ranges of chromium values recorded between individual cells in the 24-month-old animals. There were also noradrenaline cells in the medulla of the aged animals, which contained highly electron-dense granules but these did not contain as much bound chromium as the highest values recorded in the young adult animals. The results are discussed in the context of the growth of the rat adrenal medulla throughout the lifespan and with respect to the effects of age on the integrity of storage granules.