ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology1993
Association of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and occupational status with the risk of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Alcohol intake and the risk of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Japanese populations: a dose-response meta-analysis of case-control studies.Clinical rheumatology · 2017Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density.Calcified tissue international · 2001Pooled it
- Knee arthroplasty for spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee: a matched analysis comparing total and unicompartmental.Musculoskeletal surgery · 2026Article
- Three-drug combination therapy to prevent glucocorticoid-associated osteonecrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a proof-of-concept study.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Article
- The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on lesion size in early-stage femoral head avascular necrosis.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2025Article
- [Atraumatic necrosis of the femoral head].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The bibliometric and visualization analysis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: research trends and future directions (1998-2024).Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Can Knee Arthroscopy Be Considered Entirely Safe for Patients Over 50 Years Old With no Risk of Osteonecrosis? Case Series and Literature Review on Post-Artrhoscopy Osteonecrosis of the Knee (PAONK).Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Review
- Characteristics of osteonecrosis of the femoral head after COVID-19 steroid treatment compared to steroid-associated osteonecrosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Coordination of Neutrophil and Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand in Inflammatory Diseases.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Osteonecrosis Related to Steroid and Alcohol Use-An Update on Pathogenesis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Long-Term Results of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Femoral Head Osteonecrosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Predictors of Osteonecrosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Prospective Cohort Study.Arthritis care & research · 2022Article
- Effect of L3MBTL3/PTPN9 polymorphisms on risk to alcohol-induced ONFH in Chinese Han population.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Cigarette smoke-associated inflammation impairs bone remodeling through NFκB activation.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Epidemiological Study Based on China Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Database.Orthopaedic surgery · 2021Article
- Article
- The Top 100 Cited Articles in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Bibliometric Analysis.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Systems analysis of avascular necrosis of femoral head using integrative data analysis and literature mining delineates pathways associated with disease.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To investigate the association of alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, occupation, and other factors with the development of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head, a nationwide multicenter case-control study was conducted in Japan during 1988-1990, comparing 118 cases with no history of systemic corticosteroid use with 236 controls matched for sex, age, ethnicity, clinic, and date of initial examination. The risks of developing femoral head necrosis associated with potential risk factors were estimated by adjusted relative odds obtained by a conditional logistic regression model. The elevated relative odds were observed for occasional drinkers (relative odds = 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1-9.2) and regular drinkers (relative odds = 13.1, 95% confidence interval 4.1-42.5) with a significant dose-response relation (p < 0.001). For current drinkers, the relative odds were 2.8, 9.4, and 14.8 for < 320, 320-799, and > or = 800 g/week of ethanol intake, respectively. An increased risk was found for current smokers (relative odds = 4.7, 95% confidence interval 1.5-14.5), but a linear increasing trend in the cumulative effect of smoking was not evident at 20 pack-years or over. A weak but significant dose-response relation was observed for daily occupational energy consumption (p < 0.05). The present study confirmed the strong association of alcohol intake and positive association of cigarette smoking and suggested the role of heavy physical work.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8465804What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.