ArticleInfection and immunity1993
Cloning and characterization of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin III (ApxIII) gene.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Optimization of immune strategy for a construct of Salmonella-delivered ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA and OmpA antigens of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae for prevention of porcine pleuropneumonia using a murine model.Veterinary research communications · 2014Article
- Simultaneous detection of antibodies against Apx toxins ApxI, ApxII, ApxIII, and ApxIV in pigs with known and unknown Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae exposure using a multiplexing liquid array platform.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Acyltransferases in bacteria.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2013Review
- Review
- RTX proteins: a highly diverse family secreted by a common mechanism.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2010Review
- Identification and characterization of a repeat-in-toxin gene cluster in Vibrio anguillarum.Infection and immunity · 2008Article
- Endobronchial inoculation with Apx toxins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae leads to pleuropneumonia in pigs.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
- Analysis of the in vivo activation of hemolysin (HlyA) from Escherichia coli.Journal of bacteriology · 1996Article
- Influence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and its metabolites on porcine alveolar epithelial cells.Infection and immunity · 1996Article
- Knockout mutants of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 that are devoid of RTX toxins do not activate or kill porcine neutrophils.Infection and immunity · 1995Article
- RTX toxin genotypes and phenotypes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field strains.Journal of clinical microbiology · 1994Article
- Genetic map of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae RTX-toxin (Apx) operons: characterization of the ApxIII operons.Infection and immunity · 1994Article
- Production of Apx toxins by field strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Actinobacillus suis.Infection and immunity · 1994Article
- Molecular analysis of the leukotoxin determinants from Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes 1 to 16.Infection and immunity · 1993Article
- ABC transporters: bacterial exporters.Microbiological reviews · 1993Review
- Structural analysis of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin I (ApxI) operon.Infection and immunity · 1993Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To study the role of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin III (ApxIII) in the pathogenesis of porcine pleuropneumonia, we cloned and characterized the gene encoding this toxin. For that purpose, we screened an expression library of genomic DNA of serotype 8 with an ApxIII-specific monoclonal antibody and isolated a 425-bp fragment of an immunoreactive clone. Using this fragment as a probe, we identified and cloned an overlapping chromosomal NsiI restriction fragment of 5.0 kbp. Escherichia coli cells that contained this fragment produced a protein similar to ApxIII. Like ApxIII, the protein had a molecular mass of approximately 120 kDa, was recognized by an ApxIII-specific antibody, killed porcine lung macrophages, and was not lytic for sheep erythrocytes. We concluded from these data that the 5.0-kbp NsiI fragment contained the ApxIII-coding gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5.0-kbp NsiI fragment revealed the presence of two genes, apxIIIC and apxIIIA. These genes coded for proteins ApxIIIC and ApxIIIA, respectively, which were 53 and 50% identical to the prototypic RTX proteins HlyC and HlyA of E. coli. We assumed that the apxIIIA gene coded for the structural RTX toxin and that the apxIIIC gene coded for its activator. In addition, we found that ApxIII could be secreted from E. coli by the heterologous RTX transporter proteins HlyB and HlyD. The deduced amino acid sequence of ApxIIIA was 50% identical to that of ApxIA and 41% identical to that of ApxIIA. We concluded that, beside ApxI and ApxII, ApxIII is the third RTX toxin produced by A. pleuropneumoniae.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.