Trial reportAmerican journal of public health1993
Health education for pregnant smokers: its behavioral impact and cost benefit.
Trial report in American journal of public health, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02211430 (Smoking Cessation for Low-Income Pregnant Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smoking Cessation for Low-Income Pregnant Women
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Return on investment of public health interventions: a systematic review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2017Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic critical review of previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation during pregnancy.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Recommended cessation counselling for pregnant women who smoke: a review of the evidence.Tobacco control · 2000Pooled it
- Economic evaluations of smoking cessation and relapse prevention programs for pregnant women: a systematic review.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes ResearchPooled it
- Assessment of Racial Differences in Pharmacotherapy Efficacy for Smoking Cessation: Secondary Analysis of the EAGLES Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Smartphone-based financial incentives to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy: A pilot study.Preventive medicine · 2020Trial
- Examining two different schedules of financial incentives for smoking cessation among pregnant women.Preventive medicine · 2014Trial
- Impact of smoking exposure change on infant birth weight among a cohort of women in a prenatal smoking cessation study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Trial
- Predictors of smoking cessation counseling adherence in a socioeconomically disadvantaged sample of pregnant women.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2012Trial
- Smoking cessation and relapse among pregnant African-American smokers in Washington, DC.Maternal and child health journal · 2011Trial
- Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation and Reduction in Pregnancy Treatment (SCRIPT) methods in Medicaid-supported prenatal care: Trial III.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2011Trial
- Feasibility of a tobacco cessation intervention for pregnant Alaska Native women.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2010Trial
- Baby BEEP: A randomized controlled trial of nurses' individualized social support for poor rural pregnant smokers.Maternal and child health journal · 2009Trial
- Predictors of smoking cessation in pregnancy and maintenance postpartum in low-income women.Maternal and child health journal · 2005Trial
- Randomised controlled trial of home based motivational interviewing by midwives to help pregnant smokers quit or cut down.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2005Trial
- A cluster randomised controlled trial of smoking cessation in pregnant women comparing interventions based on the transtheoretical (stages of change) model to standard care.Tobacco control · 2003Trial
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesA randomized trial (the Birmingham Trial II) was conducted to evaluate the behavioral impact of health education methods among 814 female smokers at four public health maternity clinics.
methodsFour hundred patients were randomly assigned to an Experimental (E) Group, and 414 were assigned to a Control (C) Group. Self-reports and saliva cotinine tests confirmed smoking status at the first visit, at midpregnancy, and at end of pregnancy.
resultsThe E Group exhibited a 14.3% quit rate and the C Group an 8.5% quit rate. A Historical Comparison (C) Group exhibited a 3.0% quit rate. Black E and C Group patients had higher quit rates than White E and C Group patients. A cost-benefit analysis found cost-to-benefit ratios of $1:$6.72 (low estimate) and $1:$17.18 (high estimate) and an estimated savings of $247,296 (low estimate) and $699,240 (high estimate).
conclusionHealth education methods are efficacious and cost beneficial for pregnant smokers in public health maternity clinics.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.