ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1993
Transforming growth factor beta and cyclosporin A inhibit the inducible activity of the interleukin-2 gene in T cells through a noncanonical octamer-binding site.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Intratumoral immunotherapy with mRNAs encoding chimeric protein constructs encompassing IL-12, CD137 agonists, and TGF-β antagonists.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Immunostimulatory gene therapy targeting CD40, 4-1BB and IL-2R activates DCs and stimulates antigen-specific T-cell and NK-cell responses in melanoma models.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Lineage origin and transcriptional control of autoantigen-specific T-regulatory type 1 cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Roles of tissue-resident immune cells in immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Cytokine storm and targeted therapy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Immunologic research · 2022Review
- Immunotherapy resistance in esophageal cancer: Possible mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Review
- Impaired humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 (tozinameran) prime-boost vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
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- Immunosuppressive Effects of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer and Immunotherapy.Cells · 2021Review
- The neutrophil antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin promotes Th17 differentiation.Nature communications · 2021Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has a growth-inhibitory effect on numerous different cell types of the immune system, including T lymphocytes. We show in this study that the inhibitory action of TGF-beta on T lymphocytes is accompanied by a block of interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene expression which is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of IL-2 promoter/enhancer activity. The functional analysis of cis-regulatory (proto-enhancer) elements of the IL-2 enhancer/promoter region showed that the most TGF-beta-responsive element maps to its so-called upstream promoter site. The proto-enhancer activity of the upstream promoter site element is also inhibited by cyclosporin A. The upstream promoter site DNA harbors two noncanonical, closely linked binding sequences for octamer and AP-1-like factors. Both sites are involved in the establishment of IL-2 enhancer activity. Since the activity of genuine octamer sites but not that of AP-1-binding sites is also impaired by TGF-beta and cyclosporin A in El4 T lymphoma cells, we conclude that both immunosuppressives interfere with the activity but not the DNA binding of octamer factors in T lymphocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.