ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1993
Quantitative assay using recombinant human islet glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) shows that 64K autoantibody positivity at onset predicts diabetes type.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00194896 (Rosiglitazone Intervention Study in Patients With Type 1.5 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Rosiglitazone Intervention Study in Patients With Type 1.5 Diabetes
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Molecular Portrait of Autoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Human Primary Macrophages Can Transmit Coxsackie B4 Virus to Pancreatic Cells In Vitro.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- GAD65Abs Are Not Associated With Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Patients With T2D in the GRADE Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in the General Population: A Status Report and Perspective.Diabetes · 2022Review
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) Is Likely to Represent a Mixed Population of Autoimmune (Type 1) and Nonautoimmune (Type 2) Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2021Review
- Islet Autoantibodies in the Patients with Sjogren's Syndrome and Thyroid Disease and Risk of Progression to Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Case Series.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Should There be Concern About Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults? Current Evidence and Controversies.Current diabetes reports · 2016Review
- The case for an autoimmune aetiology of type 1 diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2016Review
- Non-HLA type 1 diabetes genes modulate disease risk together with HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies.Genes and immunity · 2015Article
- Latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult: current knowledge and uncertainty.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2015Review
- Altered natural killer (NK) cell frequency and phenotype in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) prior to insulin deficiency.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2010Article
- The association between the PTPN22 1858C>T variant and type 1 diabetes depends on HLA risk and GAD65 autoantibodies.Genes and immunity · 2010Article
- IA-2 autoantibodies in incident type I diabetes patients are associated with a polyadenylation signal polymorphism in GIMAP5.Genes and immunity · 2007Article
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) should be less latent.Diabetologia · 2005Review
- Six-year follow-up of pancreatic beta cell function in adults with latent autoimmune diabetes.World journal of gastroenterology · 2005Article
- Conformation-dependent GAD65 autoantibodies in diabetes.Diabetologia · 2004Article
- Autoimmune diabetes: more than just one flavor?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2004Review
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2003Review
- Severe anaphylactic reactions to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) self peptides in NOD mice that spontaneously develop autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus.BMC immunology · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
At and before onset, most insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM) have islet GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65Ab). Since IDDM also occurs in older patients where non-insulin-dependent diabetes is common, we studied GAD65Ab at onset to classify diabetes type. Our quantitative immunoprecipitation assay uses recombinant human islet GAD65 stably expressed in hamster fibroblasts. Electrophoretic mobility was identical to native islet GAD65. Like native antigen, recombinant GAD65 migrated as two bands during electrophoresis, but converted to one under stronger reduction. Immunoprecipitation was linear with respect to antibody or antigen concentration. In 120 population-based diabetic patients of all ages grouped by treatment at onset and after 18 mo, GAD65Ab were present in 70% on insulin (n = 37), 10% on oral agent (n = 62, P < 0.0001), 69% changing from oral agent to insulin (n = 16, P < 0.001), and 1 of 33 controls. 65% with GAD65Ab, versus 8% without, changed from oral agent to insulin (P < 0.01). The GAD65Ab quantitative index was remarkably stable, and only 2 of 32 patients changed antibody status during follow-up. Concordance between GAD65Ab and islet cell antibodies was 93%. Quantitative correlation was approximate but significant. This highly sensitive, quantitative, high capacity assay for GAD65Ab reveals treatment requirements better than clinical criteria, perhaps guiding immunomodulatory therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.