ArticleJournal of virology1993
Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in activation and replication of the tat-defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Article in Journal of virology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensing of HIV-1 by TLR8 activates human T cells and reverses latency.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Review
- Innate antiviral response: role in HIV-1 infection.Viruses · 2011Review
- Short communication: Activating stimuli enhance immunotoxin-mediated killing of HIV-infected macrophages.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2008Article
- Regulation of HIV-1 latency by T-cell activation.Cytokine · 2007Review
- Review
- A novel lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription factor regulating tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression: molecular cloning, sequencing, characterization, and chromosomal assignment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1999Article
- Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to CD4 and CXCR4 receptors differentially regulates expression of inflammatory genes and activates the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.Journal of virology · 1998Article
- Placental trophoblasts resist infection by multiple human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 variants even with cytomegalovirus coinfection but support HIV replication after provirus transfection.Journal of virology · 1997Article
- Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to CD4 induces association of Lck and Raf-1 and activates Raf-1 by a Ras-independent pathway.Molecular and cellular biology · 1996Article
- Cooperation between herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded ICP0 and Tat to support transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat in vivo can occur in the absence of the TAR binding site.Journal of virology · 1996Article
- Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-mediated LTR transactivation and HIV-1 infection by anti-Tat single chain intrabodies.The EMBO journal · 1995Article
- Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by a Tat-activated, transduced interferon gene: targeted expression to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells.Journal of virology · 1995Article
- Tat-independent replication of human immunodeficiency viruses.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1995Article
- The presence of tat protein or tumor necrosis factor alpha is critical for herpes simplex virus type 1-induced expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.Journal of virology · 1994Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) depends on the function of the virus-encoded regulatory protein Tat, which interacts with the specific Tat response (TAR) element present in the leader sequence of all HIV-1 RNAs. In this study, we examined whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) can replace the requirement for a functional Tat protein. We found that TNF-alpha can induce expression of a latent, tat-defective virus and support its replication both in T cells and in primary mononuclear cells. Analysis of the transcriptional rate of the tat-defective HIV-1 transcriptional unit indicates that TNF-alpha stimulates the initiation of transcription but, in contrast to Tat protein, does not significantly reduce transcriptional polarity. Interestingly, we found that the processing of viral precursor proteins is altered in the absence of Tat. We propose that TNF-alpha-mediated induction of HIV-1 plays an essential role in the early stages of the virus life cycle and in viral latency.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.