ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1993
Characterization of a functional NF-kappa B site in the human interleukin 1 beta promoter: evidence for a positive autoregulatory loop.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 228 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
228 citing papers in PubMed.
- Iron Prevents Hypoxia-Associated Inflammation Through the Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Intestinal Epithelium.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Trial
- Supplementation of a grape seed and grape marc meal extract decreases activities of the oxidative stress-responsive transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 in the duodenal mucosa of pigs.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2013Trial
- G-quadruplex structures affect the immune response to bacterial infection in mouse macrophages.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory potential of Alternaria mycotoxins on immune and intestinal cells: a comparative systematic in vitro study.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Indirect inhibition of the NLRP3-interleukin-1β axis contributes to the efficacy of JAK1 inhibitors in experimental colitis and human ulcerative colitis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of 1‑(1,2,3,5,6,7-Hexahydro‑ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- MK2/p38/p53 Suppress Basal IL-1β and Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling in Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Reversing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure using a cardiac targeting peptide linked to miRNA106a.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Inhibition of LXR Signaling in Human Foam Cells Impairs Macrophage-to-Endothelial Cell Cross Talk and Promotes Endothelial Cell Inflammation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Article
- Accumulation of advanced oxidative protein products exacerbate satellite glial cells activation and neuropathic pain.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Resistance training alleviates muscle atrophy and muscle dysfunction by reducing inflammation and regulating compromised autophagy in aged skeletal muscle.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A new perspective on the regulation of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of efferocytosis in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Nicotine is an Immunosuppressant: Implications for Women's Health and Disease.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Review
- Critical Role of histone deacetylase 3 in the regulation of kidney inflammation and fibrosis.Kidney international · 2024Article
- Neuronal STING activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- A Non-Canonical Hippo Pathway Represses the Expression of ΔNp63.Molecular and cellular biology · 2024Article
- A paracrine circuit of IL-1β/IL-1R1 between myeloid and tumor cells drives genotype-dependent glioblastoma progression.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Article
168 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The -300 region of the interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) promoter contains a functional NF-kappa B binding site composed of the decamer sequence 5'-GGGAAAATCC-3'. Probes representing the -300 region or the NF-kappa B site alone interacted with NF-kappa B proteins present in phorbol myristate acetate-, lipopolysaccharide-, or Sendai virus-induced myeloid cell extracts as well as recombinant NFKB1 (p50) and RelA (p65); furthermore, NF-kappa B protein-DNA complex formation was dissociated in vitro by the addition of recombinant I kappa B alpha. Mutation of the NF-kappa B site in the context of the IL-1 beta promoter reduced the responsiveness of the IL-1 beta promoter to various inducers, including phorbol ester, Sendai virus, poly(rI-rC), and IL-1 beta. A 4.4-kb IL-1 beta promoter fragment linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene was also preferentially inducible by coexpression of individual NF-kappa B subunits compared with a mutated IL-1 beta promoter fragment. When multiple copies of the IL-1 beta NF-kappa B site were linked to an enhancerless simian virus 40 promoter, this element was able to mediate phorbol ester- or lipopolysaccharide-inducible gene expression. In cotransfection experiments, RelA (p65) and c-Rel (p85) were identified as the main subunits responsible for the activation of the IL-1 beta NF-kappa B site; also, combinations of NFKB1 (p50) and RelA (p65) or c-Rel and RelA were strong transcriptional activators of reporter gene activity. The presence of a functional NF-kappa B binding site in the IL-1 beta promoter suggests that IL-1 positively autoregulates its own synthesis, since IL-1 is a strong inducer of NF-kappa B binding activity. Thus, the IL-1 beta gene may be considered as an important additional member of the family of cytokine genes regulated in part by the NF-kappa B/rel family of transcription factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.