ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1993
Cytokine control of parasite-specific anergy in human lymphatic filariasis. Preferential induction of a regulatory T helper type 2 lymphocyte subset.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 293 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive Transcriptome Meta-analysis to Characterize Host Immune Responses in Helminth Infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Pooled it
- At homeostasis filarial infections have expanded adaptive T regulatory but not classical Th2 cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Trial
- Filaria-induced monocyte dysfunction and its reversal following treatment.Infection and immunity · 2006Trial
- The human immunome in the post-schistosomiasis mass drug administration era.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Impact ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Single-cell molecular signature of pathogenic T helper subsets in type 2-associated disorders in humans.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae modulate the melanization pathway in the mosquito host.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Domestic Dog as a Laboratory Host forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Secreted filarial nematode galectins modulate host immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Gut Helminth Infection-Induced Immunotolerance and Consequences for Human Papillomavirus Persistence.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Review
- High Tregs and systemic IL-10 expressions linked to the absence of sheath antibodies in lymphatic filariasis: implications on the persistence of residual infection.Immunologic research · 2021Article
- Highlighting the Relevance of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Characterization of a rhodanese homologue from Haemonchus contortus and its immune-modulatory effects on goat immune cells in vitro.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Interactions between helminths and tuberculosis infections: Implications for tuberculosis diagnosis and vaccination in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Impact of Helminth Infections on Female Reproductive Health and Associated Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Quantitative analysis of Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) cytokines and TLR expression to eyeworm (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worm (Aulonocephalus pennula) glycoproteins.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Allergen presensitization drives an eosinophil-dependent arrest in lung-specific helminth development.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
- Association of aThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunological mechanisms involved in maintenance of an asymptomatic microfilaremic state (MF) in patients with lymphatic filariasis remain undefined. MF patients have impaired filarial antigen (Ag)-specific lymphocyte proliferation and decreased frequencies (Fo) of Ag-specific T cells, and yet elevated serum IgE and antifilarial IgG4. To investigate the mechanism of Ag-specific anergy in MF patients in contrast to amicrofilaremic individuals with chronic lymphatic obstruction (CP), the Fo of Ag-specific lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells secreting either IL-4 or IFN-gamma were assessed by filter spot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA transcript levels were assessed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. The Fo of filaria-specific IL-4-secreting lymphocytes were equivalent in both MF (geometric mean [GM] = 1:11,700) and CP (GM = 1:29,300 P = 0.08), whereas the Fo of IFN-gamma-secreting lymphocytes were lower in MF (GM = 1:39,300) than in CP (GM = 1:4,200, P < 0.01). When the ratio of IL-4/IFN-gamma (T helper type 2 [Th2]/Th1)-secreting cells was examined, MF subjects showed a predominant Th2 response (8:1) compared with a Th1 response in CP individuals (1:4). mRNA transcript levels of IL-10 were also significantly elevated in MF compared with CP individuals (P < 0.01). Further, IL-10 and TGF-beta were shown to have a role in modulating the Ag-specific anergy among MF subjects, in that neutralizing anti-IL-10 or anti-TGF-beta significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation response (by 220-1,300%) to filarial Ags in MF individuals. These findings demonstrate that MF subjects respond to parasite antigen by producing a set of suppressive cytokines that may facilitate persistence of the parasite within humans while producing little clinical disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.