ArticleInfection and immunity1993
Enhancing effect of cholera toxin on interleukin-6 secretion by IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells: mode of action and augmenting effect of inflammatory cytokines.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Article
- ERdj5 in Innate Immune Cells Is a Crucial Factor for the Mucosal Adjuvanticity of Cholera Toxin.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Selective Induction of Homeostatic Th17 Cells in the Murine Intestine by Cholera Toxin Interacting with the Microbiota.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Gut T cell receptor-γδ(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes are activated selectively by cholera toxin to break oral tolerance in mice.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Article
- Review
- Intranasal delivery of cholera toxin induces th17-dominated T-cell response to bystander antigens.PloS one · 2009Article
- Enterotoxin-based mucosal adjuvants alter antigen trafficking and induce inflammatory responses in the nasal tract.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Cholera toxin induces a transient depletion of CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes in the rat small intestine as detected by microarray and immunohistochemistry.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Transmural pressure induces IL-6 secretion by intestinal epithelial cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2002Article
- Epithelial cells respond to proteolytic and non-proteolytic detachment by enhancing interleukin-6 responses.Immunology · 2002Article
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 are induced in human oral epithelial cells in response to exposure to periodontopathic Eikenella corrodens.Infection and immunity · 1999Article
- Mucosal adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of LTR72, a novel mutant of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin with partial knockout of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 1998Article
- Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.Clinical microbiology reviews · 1998Review
- A nontoxic mutant of cholera toxin elicits Th2-type responses for enhanced mucosal immunity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1997Article
- Mutants in the ADP-ribosyltransferase cleft of cholera toxin lack diarrheagenicity but retain adjuvanticity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 1997Article
- Salmonella typhi stimulation of human intestinal epithelial cells induces secretion of epithelial cell-derived interleukin-6.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
- Relationship between a low toxicity of the mutant A subunit of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli enterotoxin and its strong adjuvant action.Immunology · 1997Article
- Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells in response to Chlamydia infection suggests a central role for epithelial cells in chlamydial pathogenesis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997Article
- The intestinal epithelial cell: immunological aspects.Springer seminars in immunopathology · 1997Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oral administration of cholera toxin (CT) induces a strong mucosal immune response to CT as well as having a potent adjuvant effect. Since one of the first cell types to encounter CT during cholera infection or after oral administration is the epithelial cell, we studied the effect of CT on interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion by the rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. CT was found to rapidly enhance IL-6 secretion and IL-6 gene expression by these cells. The addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP) to cultures of IEC-6 cells had little effect on IL-6 secretion, yet mRNA levels were elevated, suggesting that the response may have been regulated by cAMP. Purified B subunit of CT did not significantly enhance IL-6 secretion or mRNA expression. CT and transforming growth factor beta 1 synergistically enhanced IL-6 secretion in IEC-6 cells. The addition of CT with either IL-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha gave even greater synergistic enhancement of IL-6 secretion, and dibutyryl cAMP could mimic CT's synergy with IL-1 beta. These results indicate that the intestinal epithelial cell is capable of secreting high levels of IL-6 after encountering CT, especially in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. This high level of IL-6 secretion could be a very important component of the mucosal immune response to CT and may also account for a portion of the adjuvant effect of CT.
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