ArticleDiabetes1993
Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in human subjects. Evidence for a hyperbolic function.
Article in Diabetes, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 11 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 484 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Acupuncture on Insulin Sensitivity of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin Resistance: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Gastric Bypass and Biliopancreatic Diversion on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With BMI > 35 vs. Medical Therapy
Involvement of Steatosis-induced Glucagon Resistance in Hyperglucagonaemia
Effect of Acupuncture Pre-treatment Combined With Letrozole on Live Birth in Infertile Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Effects of Hepatic Insulin Resistance on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Morbidly Obese Subjects Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery or Gastric Sleeve Surgery
Assessing Progression to Type-2 Diabetes (APT-2D): A Prospective Cohort Study Expanded From BRITE-SPOT (Bio-bank and Registry for StratIfication and Targeted intErventions in the Spectrum Of Type 2 Diabetes)
GOOD-DAY: Efficacy of Gamification of an educatiOnal Training tO meDiterranean Diet on Weight and Metabolic Control in pAediatric obesitY: a Pilot Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial
BIFI-OBESE: Effect of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Breve BR03 and Bifidobacterium Breve B632 in Paediatric Obesity
Effects of Progressive Negative Energy Balance Induced by Diet or Exercise on Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Sensitivity, and Beta-cell Function
Effects of a Supplementation With Zinc and Myo-inositol in Paediatric Obesity
Effect of Resistant Starch From Green Banana Flour on the Insulin Sensitivity of Subjects With Prediabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
484 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,406 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fed, not fasted: is carbohydrate mouth rinsing still ergogenic? A three-level meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Surrogate measures of first-phase insulin secretion versus reference methods intravenous glucose tolerance test and hyperglycemic clamp: a systematic review and meta-analyses.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy on β-Cell Function at 1 Year After Surgery: A Systematic Review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effects of Acarbose on Non-Diabetic Overweight and Obese Patients: A Meta-Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Do East Asians With Normal Glucose Tolerance Have Worse β-Cell Function? A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Cholesterol-lowering effects of oats induced by microbially produced phenolic metabolites in metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Differential effects of lifestyle interventions on continuous glucose monitoring metrics in persons with type 2 diabetes: Potential for personalised treatment.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Weight Loss, Lifestyle Intervention, and Metformin Affect Longitudinal Relationship of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- Effect of Medical and Surgical Interventions on α-Cell Function in Dysglycemic Youth and Adults in the RISE Study.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Baseline Predictors of Glycemic Worsening in Youth and Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Study.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Impact of prolonged fasting on insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic versus whole body insulin secretion disposition indices in healthy young males.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Small changes in glucose variability induced by low and high glycemic index diets are not associated with changes in β-cell function in adults with pre-diabetes.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2020Trial
- Increased β-Cell Responsivity Independent of Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy African American Adults.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Trial
- Influence of adiposity, insulin resistance, and intrahepatic triglyceride content on insulin kinetics.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Impaired early-phase suppression of glucagon secretion after glucose load is associated with insulin requirement during pregnancy in gestational diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Trial
- Statin Short-term Inhibition of Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion During Acute Phase of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Scientific reports · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Trial
424 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To determine the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, we quantified the insulin sensitivity index using the minimal model in 93 relatively young, apparently healthy human subjects of varying degrees of obesity (55 male, 38 female; 18-44 yr of age; body mass index 19.5-52.2 kg/m2) and with fasting glucose levels < 6.4 mM. SI was compared with measures of body adiposity and beta-cell function. Although lean individuals showed a wide range of SI, body mass index and SI were related in a curvilinear manner (P < 0.0001) so that on average, an increase in body mass index was associated generally with a lower value for SI. The relationship between the SI and the beta-cell measures was more clearly curvilinear and reciprocal for fasting insulin (P < 0.0001), first-phase insulin response (AIRglucose; P < 0.0001), glucose potentiation slope (n = 56; P < 0.005), and beta-cell secretory capacity (AIRmax; n = 43; P < 0.0001). The curvilinear relationship between SI and the beta-cell measures could not be distinguished from a hyperbola, i.e., SI x beta-cell function = constant. This hyperbolic relationship described the data significantly better than a linear function (P < 0.05). The nature of this relationship is consistent with a regulated feedback loop control system such that for any difference in SI, a proportionate reciprocal difference occurs in insulin levels and responses in subjects with similar carbohydrate tolerance. We conclude that in human subjects with normal glucose tolerance and varying degrees of obesity, beta-cell function varies quantitatively with differences in insulin sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.