ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology1993
Plasma protein binding of the enantiomers of hydroxychloroquine and metabolites.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The In Vitro, In Vivo, and PBPK Evaluation of a Novel Lung-Targeted Cardiac-Safe Hydroxychloroquine Inhalation Aerogel.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- Predicting Hydroxychloroquine Clearance in Healthy and Diseased Populations Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- In vitro ion channel profile and ex vivo cardiac electrophysiology properties of the R(-) and S(+) enantiomers of hydroxychloroquine.European journal of pharmacology · 2022Article
- The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review.Medicine in drug discovery · 2021Review
- Aminoquinolines as Translational Models for Drug Repurposing: Anticancer Adjuvant Properties and Toxicokinetic-Related Features.Journal of oncology · 2021Review
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Implications for Dose Optimization.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Properties of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Context of COVID-19 Infection.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Review
- Finding the Dose for Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis for COVID-19: The Desperate Search for Effectiveness.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Article
- Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.JAMA pediatrics · 2020Article
- Review
- The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Hydroxychloroquine and Dose Selection for COVID-19: Putting the Cart Before the Horse.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2020Review
- Challenges in the management of patients with systemic light chain (AL) amyloidosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.British journal of haematology · 2020Review
- Reply to Gautret et al: hydroxychloroquine sulfate and azithromycin for COVID-19: what is the evidence and what are the risks?International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2020Review
- Measurement of hydroxychloroquine in blood from SLE patients using LC-HRMS-evaluation of whole blood, plasma, and serum as sample matrices.Arthritis research & therapy · 2020Article
- Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Hydroxychloroquine and Its Application in Dose Optimization in Specific COVID-19 Patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Clearing the complexity: immune complexes and their treatment in lupus nephritis.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2011Article
- Stereoselectivity in the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the chiral antimalarial drugs.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2003Review
- Combination therapy for autoimmune diseases: the rheumatoid arthritis model.Springer seminars in immunopathology · 2001Review
- Effect of experimental diabetes mellitus and arthritis on the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine enantiomers in rats.Pharmaceutical research · 1998Article
- Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of chloroquine. Focus on recent advancements.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 1996Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The in vitro binding of the enantiomers of hydroxychloroquine and its three major metabolites in pooled plasma obtained from four healthy volunteers and the binding of the enantiomers of hydroxychloroquine to purified plasma proteins has been investigated. The plasma protein binding of hydroxychloroquine was found to be stereoselective. The (S)-enantiomer of hydroxychloroquine was 64% bound in plasma, while (R)-hydroxychloroquine was 37% bound. Fifty% of (S)-hydroxychloroquine was bound to a 40 g.l-1 solution of human serum albumin, while only 29% of the (R)-enantiomer was bound. The enantioselectivity of hydroxychloroquine binding was reversed in a 0.7 g.l-1 solution of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein with (R)-hydroxychloroquine being bound to a greater extent than its optical antipode (41% versus 29%). The enantiomers of the metabolites of hydroxychloroquine were bound to a similar extent to plasma and purified plasma proteins. Binding of hydroxychloroquine to plasma and purified proteins was found to be linear over the racemic concentration range of 50 to 1000 ng.ml-1 and hydroxychloroquine metabolite binding to plasma was linear over the range 25 to 500 ng.ml-1.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.