ArticleMolecular and cellular biology1993
Repeated CT elements bound by zinc finger proteins control the absolute and relative activities of the two principal human c-myc promoters.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- MAZ-Mediated ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C upregulation promotes breast cancer progression via the MAPK signaling pathway.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Affinity-selected peptide ligands specifically bind i-motif DNA and modulate c-Myc gene expression.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- HDAC Inhibition Induces CD26 Expression on Multiple Myeloma Cells via the c-Myc/Sp1-mediated Promoter Activation.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- PCGF6/MAX/KDM5D facilitates MAZ/CDK4 axis expression and pRCC progression by hypomethylation of the DNA promoter.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2023Article
- Myc-associated zinc-finger protein promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression through transcriptional activation of the MAP2K2-dependent ERK pathway.Cancer cell international · 2021Article
- Custom G4 Microarrays Reveal Selective G-Quadruplex Recognition of Small Molecule BMVC: A Large-Scale Assessment of Ligand Binding Selectivity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- DDX5 helicase resolves G-quadruplex and is involved inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- MAZ promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis through transcriptionally activating the KRas-dependent RalGEFs pathway.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2019Article
- Selective Activation of AlternativeGenes · 2018Article
- Nuclear AURKA acquires kinase-independent transactivating function to enhance breast cancer stem cell phenotype.Nature communications · 2016Article
- Recrudescence mechanisms and gene expression profile of the reproductive tracts from chickens during the molting period.PloS one · 2013Article
- Deep RNA sequencing reveals novel cardiac transcriptomic signatures for physiological and pathological hypertrophy.PloS one · 2012Article
- Estrogen induces c-myc gene expression via an upstream enhancer activated by the estrogen receptor and the AP-1 transcription factor.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2011Article
- Hepatitis B virus X protein upregulates expression of SMYD3 and C-MYC in HepG2 cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2009Article
- The importance of negative superhelicity in inducing the formation of G-quadruplex and i-motif structures in the c-Myc promoter: implications for drug targeting and control of gene expression.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2009Article
- NM23-H2 may play an indirect role in transcriptional activation of c-myc gene expression but does not cleave the nuclease hypersensitive element III(1).Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2009Article
- Nerve Growth factor regulation of cyclin D1 in PC12 cells through a p21RAS extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway requires cooperative interactions between Sp1 and nuclear factor-kappaB.Molecular biology of the cell · 2008Article
- A novel G-quadruplex-forming GGA repeat region in the c-myb promoter is a critical regulator of promoter activity.Nucleic acids research · 2008Article
- The FUSE/FBP/FIR/TFIIH system is a molecular machine programming a pulse of c-myc expression.The EMBO journal · 2006Article
- Transcription factor binding and induced transcription alter chromosomal c-myc replicator activity.Molecular and cellular biology · 2004Article
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transcription of the human proto-oncogene c-myc is governed by two tandem principal promoters, termed P1 and P2. In general, the downstream promoter, P2, is predominant, which is in contrast to the promoter occlusion phenomenon usually observed in genes containing tandem promoters. A shift in human c-myc promoter usage has been observed in some tumor cells and in certain physiological conditions. However, the mechanisms that regulate promoter usage are not well understood. The present studies identify regulators which are required to promote transcription from both human c-myc promoters, P1 and P2, and have a role in determining their relative activities in vivo. A novel regulatory region located 101 bp upstream of P1 was characterized and contains five tandem repeats of the consensus sequence CCCTCCCC (CT element). The integrity of the region containing all five elements is required to promote transcription from P1 and for maximal activity from P2 in vivo. A single copy of this same element, designated CT-I2, also appears in an inverted orientation 53 bp upstream of the P2 transcription start site. This element has an inhibitory effect on P1 transcription and is required for P2 transcription. The transcription factor Sp1 was identified as the factor that binds specifically to the tandem CT elements upstream of P1 and to the CT-I2 element upstream of P2. In addition, the recently cloned zinc finger protein ZF87, or MAZ, was also able to bind these same elements in vitro. The five tandem CT elements can be functionally replaced by a heterologous enhancer that only in the absence of CT-I2 reverses the promoter usage, similar to what is observed in the translocated c-myc allele of Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
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