Spatial facilitation and depression within one motor nerve terminal of frogs.

1. Perfused macropatch electrodes were used to stimulate and simultaneously measure release from two sites on the same terminal of the frog cutaneous pectoris muscle. 2. It was found that release occurring at one site often affected release at an adjacent site 50 microns away, either enhancing it ('spatial facilitation') or depressing it ('spatial depression'). Spatial facilitation (or depression) was defined as the release produced by a test pulse at the second site (test electrode) when preceded by a pulse at the first site (prepulse electrode) divided by the release produced by the test pulse alone. 3. Spatial facilitation varied with the time interval between the prepulse and the test pulse. Peak spatial facilitation, which on the average was 2.14, occurred with an interval of 1-3 ms. With longer intervals spatial facilitation decayed with a time constant between 3-6 ms. When the time interval between the prepulse and the test pulse was zero (no delay), the release after the test pulse was always depressed. 4. When Ca2+ was omitted from the perfusate of the prepulse electrode, spatial facilitation was abolished. When a brief hyperpolarizing pulse followed the depolarizing prepulse with zero delay spatial facilitation was also abolished. 5. Electrotonic spread or Ca2+ diffusion within the axon terminal are excluded as coupling agents for spatial facilitation. It is suggested that the coupling agent may possibly be related to a hypothetical release-promoting factor.