ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1993
Corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in rat thymus and spleen.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucocorticoid production in the thymus and brain: Immunosteroids and neurosteroids.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Murine splenic B cells express corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 that affect their viability during a stress response.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Hormonal control of T-cell development in health and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2016Review
- Extra-adrenal glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids: evidence for local synthesis, regulation, and function.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2011Review
- Lipopolysaccharide increases plasma levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone in rats.Neuroendocrinology · 2011Article
- Expression of genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in murine fetal lungs in late gestation.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2010Article
- Glucocorticoid production and regulation in thymus: of mice and birds.Endocrinology · 2009Article
- Psychosocial stress and liver disease status.World journal of gastroenterology · 2009Review
- Changes of glucocorticoid receptor and levels of CRF mRNA, POMC mRNA in brain of chronic immobilization stress rats.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2008Article
- Neuropeptides as signal molecules in common with leukocytes and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2008Article
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone regulates IL-6 expression during inflammation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2001Article
- Hormonal regulation of physiological cell turnover and apoptosis.Cell and tissue research · 2000Review
- T-lymphocyte activation increases hypothalamic and amygdaloid expression of CRH mRNA and emotional reactivity to novelty.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 1999Article
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced by rat corticotropes and modulates ACTH secretion in a paracrine/autocrine fashion.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1998Article
- Presence of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing hormone and cortisol molecules in invertebrate haemocytes and lower and higher vertebrate thymus.The Histochemical journal · 1998Article
- Steroid production in the thymus: implications for thymocyte selection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 1994Article
- Expression of the mouse corticotropin-releasing hormone gene in vivo and targeted inactivation in embryonic stem cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1994Article
- Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) activation of NF-kappaB-directed transcription in leukocytes.Cellular and molecular neurobiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) initiates stress-induced immunosuppression via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. CRF has also been shown to have direct stimulatory and suppressive effects on immune cells. We have previously detected immunoreactive and bioactive CRF in the rat spleen and thymus. To determine if CRF is synthesized in these tissues, we analyzed rat spleen and thymus for the presence of CRF mRNA. RNA was reverse transcribed, and the resulting cDNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction with CRF gene-specific oligonucleotide primers. After Southern blotting and hybridization with an internal CRF gene probe, a product of the expected size was detected in the spleen, thymus, and hypothalamus (positive control) but not in liver or kidney (negative controls), indicating that CRF is synthesized in the spleen and thymus. Furthermore, CRF could be secreted from splenic and thymic adherent cells in culture. Secretion increased severalfold in response to nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor, whereas interleukin 1 had no effect, suggesting that regulation of CRF secretion may differ from that in the hypothalamus. CRF mRNA was detected in NDGA-stimulated thymic adherent cells and in both control and NDGA-stimulated splenic nonadherent cells. The finding that CRF is synthesized in the spleen and thymus suggests that locally synthesized "immune" CRF, acting as an autocrine or paracrine cytokine, may have direct regulatory effects on immune function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.