ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1993
Explaining variations in prescribing costs across England.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health system actors' perspectives of prescribing practices in public health facilities in Eswatini: A Qualitative Study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Predictors of primary health care pharmaceutical expenditure by districts in Uganda and implications for budget setting and allocation.BMC health services research · 2015Observational
- What variables should be considered in allocating Primary health care Pharmaceutical budgets to districts in Uganda?Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2015Article
- Differential associations between actual and expected GP practice prescribing rates for statins, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers: a cross-sectional study in England.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2005Article
- Exploring the equity of GP practice prescribing rates for selected coronary heart disease drugs: a multiple regression analysis with proxies of healthcare need.International journal for equity in health · 2005Article
- Are GP practice prescribing rates for coronary heart disease drugs equitable? A cross sectional analysis in four primary care trusts in England.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2004Article
- Attitudes and behaviour of general practitioners and their prescribing costs: a national cross sectional survey.Quality & safety in health care · 2003Article
- Do GPs working in practice with high or low prescribing costs have different views on prescribing cost issues?The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2000Article
- Morbidity, deprivation, and antidepressant prescribing in general practice.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1999Article
- A comparison of three methods of setting prescribing budgets, using data derived from defined daily dose analyses of historic patterns of use.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1998Article
- Controversies in primary care. Setting prescribing budgets in general practice. Effective prescribing at practice level should be identified and rewarded.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1998Article
- Influences of practice characteristics on prescribing in practices. Multiple regression models depend on explanatory variables included.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1996Article
- Influences of practice characteristics on prescribing in fundholding and non-fundholding general practices: an observational study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1996Article
- Socioeconomic determinants of rates of consultation in general practice based on fourth national morbidity survey of general practices.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1996Article
- Investigation of whether on-site general practice counsellors have an impact on psychotropic drug prescribing rates and costs.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1996Article
- Review of prescribed treatment for children with asthma. Weaknesses in methods and analysis limit conclusions.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1995Article
- Current prescribing in primary care in the UK. Effects of the indicative prescribing scheme and GP fundholding.PharmacoEconomics · 1995Review
- Article
- Using unemployment rates to predict prescribing trends in England.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1994Article
- More therapeutic conservatism.Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London · 1993Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo derive a predictive model for national prescribing behaviour in terms of basic morbidity and demographic factors.
design24 demographic, morbidity, and practice factors were entered into a multiple regression analysis to determine the net ingredient cost per patient.
settingThe 90 family health service authorities in England for 1989.
resultsFor net ingredient cost per patient only two demographic factors (numbers of pensioners and the mobility of the registered population measured by list inflation) and two morbidity related factors (standardised mortality ratios and numbers of prepayment certificates issued) significantly contributed to a multiple regression model. This model explained 81% of the variation in net ingredient cost per registered patient between family health services authorities. The model also enabled a weighting factor of 4.6 (95% confidence interval 3.2 to 6.7) to be derived for the net ingredient cost for elderly patients (compared with the existing prescribing unit factor of 3).
conclusionsThe model shows that variations in prescribing costs essentially reflect demand. It also suggests that the current prescribing unit value of 3 for patients aged 65 or more underestimates the extra costs of prescribing for elderly patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.