ArticleJournal of virology1993
Location and unusual membrane topology of the immunity protein of the Escherichia coli phage T4.
Article in Journal of virology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multisite binding of bacteriophages on lipopolysaccharides inMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Limitation of the Lytic Effect of Bacteriophages onInternational journal of microbiology · 2025Review
- Growth stage-related capsular polysaccharide translocon Wza in Vibrio splendidus modifies phage vB_VspM_VS2 susceptibility.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Article
- The Post-Antibiotic Era: A New Dawn for Bacteriophages.Biology · 2023Review
- The Battle between Bacteria and Bacteriophages: A Conundrum to Their Immune System.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Characterization of Phage Resistance and Their Impacts on Bacterial Fitness in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Superinfection exclusion: A viral strategy with short-term benefits and long-term drawbacks.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Look Who's Talking: T-Even Phage Lysis Inhibition, the Granddaddy of Virus-Virus Intercellular Communication Research.Viruses · 2019Review
- The Clostridium difficile cell wall protein CwpV confers phase-variable phage resistance.Molecular microbiology · 2015Article
- Structural remodeling of bacteriophage T4 and host membranes during infection initiation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Global transcriptional response of Clostridium difficile carrying the CD38 prophage.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Transposon mutagenesis identified chromosomal and plasmid genes essential for adaptation of the marine bacterium Dinoroseobacter shibae to anaerobic conditions.Journal of bacteriology · 2013Article
- The bacteriophage HK97 gp15 moron element encodes a novel superinfection exclusion protein.Journal of bacteriology · 2012Article
- Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2010Review
- Genomic and biological analysis of phage Xfas53 and related prophages of Xylella fastidiosa.Journal of bacteriology · 2010Article
- Genome of bacteriophage P1.Journal of bacteriology · 2004Article
- The vir gene of bacteriophage MAV1 confers resistance to phage infection on Mycoplasma arthritidis.Journal of bacteriology · 2004Article
- Bacteriophage T4 genome.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2003Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunity protein (Imm) encoded by the Escherichia coli phage T4 effects exclusion of phage superinfecting cells already infected with T4. The 83-residue polypeptide possesses two long lipophilic areas (from residues 3 to 32 and 37 to 65) interrupted by a hydrophilic stretch including two positively charged residues. The charge distribution of the protein very strongly suggested that it is a plasma membrane protein with the C terminus facing the periplasm. While it could be shown that the expected location was correct, fusions of Imm to alkaline phosphatase or beta-galactosidase showed that the C terminus was at the cytosolic side of the membrane. Also, concerning function, there was almost no structural specificity to this part of the protein. Even removal of the two positively charged residues did not completely abolish function. Evidence suggesting that Imm is associated with the membrane at specific sites is presented. It is proposed that Imm is localized to the membrane with the help of a receptor and that, therefore, it does not follow the established rules for the topology of other membrane proteins. The results also suggest that Imm acts indirectly, possibly by altering the conformation of a component of a phage DNA injection site.
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