ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics1993
HLA-DQ primarily confers protection and HLA-DR susceptibility in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes studied in population-based affected families and controls.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Dual Glucagon and GLP-1 Agonists as New Treatments for Type II Diabetes.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Non-HLA type 1 diabetes genes modulate disease risk together with HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies.Genes and immunity · 2015Article
- A new model defines the minimal set of polymorphism in HLA-DQ and -DR that determines susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune diabetes.Biology direct · 2008Article
- Genetics of autoimmune diabetes mellitus.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2008Review
- Differential effects of DRB1*0301 and DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 on the activation and progression of islet cell autoimmunity.Genes and immunity · 2007Article
- Genetic susceptibility in type 1 diabetes and its associated autoimmune disorders.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2003Review
- Mutational analysis of the HLA class II interaction with Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein 42.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Genetic predisposition to IDDM.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2000Review
- Disease-associated autoantibodies and HLA-DQB1 genotypes in children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1999Article
- Molecular analysis of HLA-DQB1 alleles in childhood common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.British journal of cancer · 1996Article
- Reproductive failure and the major histocompatibility complex.American journal of human genetics · 1995Article
- Glutamate decarboxylase-, insulin-, and islet cell-antibodies and HLA typing to detect diabetes in a general population-based study of Swedish children.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1995Article
- Association of H2Ab with resistance to collagen-induced arthritis in H2-recombinant mouse strains: an allele associated with reduction of several apparently unrelated responses.Immunogenetics · 1995Article
- Multiple DNA variant association analysis: application to the insulin gene region in type I diabetes.American journal of human genetics · 1994Article
- Inheritance of MHC class II genes in IDDM studied in population-based affected and control families.Diabetologia · 1994Article
- Molecular biology of IDDM.Diabetologia · 1994Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The association between HLA-DR and -DQ and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in a defined high-incidence area was analyzed in a total of 58 population-based patients, representing 77% of IDDM patients with age at onset below 16 years, and in 92 unrelated parents in control families without IDDM. HLA haplotypes were confirmed by analyzing first-degree relatives in both groups. Seven different methods were used to analyze risk: (1) odds ratio, (2) absolute risk, (3) haplotype relative risk, (4) transcomplementation relative risk, (5) relative predisposing effects, (6) stratification analysis, and (7) test of predisposing allele on haplotype. DQB1*0302 indicated somewhat higher risk than did DR4, while DR3 had a higher risk than DQB1*0201; however, the 95% confidence intervals of the risk estimates overlapped. The positive association between IDDM and the DQB1*0201-DQA1*0501-DR3 haplotype seems to be due to DR3 or to an unknown linked gene. More important, DQA1*0301 was present among 93% of the patients, and this allele in various transcomplementation combinations with DQB1 alleles showed closer association to IDDM than did any other alleles. The strong negative association of the DQB1*0602 allele also in the presence of either DR4 or DQB1*0302 or both suggests that, in a high-risk population for IDDM, HLA-DQ primarily confers protection, perhaps by induction of tolerance. Consistent with known functions, HLA-DR may primarily confer susceptibility, perhaps by induction of autoreactive T lymphocytes.
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Identifiers
8317480PMC1682248W1594503758What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.