Trial reportCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII1994
Relationship between soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and TNF alpha during immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and/or interferon alpha.
Trial report in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Total and abdominal adiposity are associated with inflammation in older adults using a factor analysis approach.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2012Trial
- Prediagnostic serum levels of cytokines and other immune markers and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma.Cancer research · 2011Trial
- Multifaceted inhibition of anti-tumour immune mechanisms by soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type I.Immunology · 1998Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Eleven metastatic cancer patients were studied during three different regimens of immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or interferon alpha (IFN alpha): group A received 4 days of IL-2 i.a. infusion (n = 3), group B IFN alpha s.c. during 5 days (n = 4), followed on day 3 by 5 days of a continuous IL-2 i.v. infusion, and group C had 4 days of IL-2 i.v. infusion together with s.c. IFN alpha on days 1 and 4 (n = 4). Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) p55 and p75 and TNF alpha concentrations in serum were analyzed before therapy and daily during 8 days of the first therapy cycle. sTNFR was measured by radioimmunoassay. sTNFR p55 increased in all patient groups from a baseline value of 5.2 +/- 0.9 ng/ml to a maximum of 13.6 +/- 1.2 ng/ml by days 3-4 (P = 0.003). sTNFR p75 increased from 7.6 +/- 1.1 ng/ml to peak values of 30.1 +/- 2.6 ng/ml in groups A and B (P = 0.02). In group C the sTNFR p75 response was weak (NS). In group B, the increase of both p55 and p75 occurred only after addition of IL-2 to IFN alpha. TNF alpha increased weakly during treatment with IFN alpha alone (group B); it rose strongly during IL-2 and the combined treatment (groups A-C) from 8 +/- 2 pg/ml to 115 +/- 13 pg/ml (P = 0.003). In group B, it reached the maximum 24 h after addition of IL-2 to IFN alpha and decreased thereafter. There was a significant relationship between TNF alpha and sTNFR p55 or sTNFR p75 in groups A and C, (P = 0.001), but not in group B. Group C was also investigated during the third therapy cycle. The increase of sTNFR p75 was stronger (P = 0.01) and that of TNF alpha weaker than in the first cycle; the sTNFR p55 response was similar in both cycles. In conclusion sTNFR p55 and p75 are rapidly induced during IL-2 and IL-2+ IFN alpha treatment, the increase of sTNF receptors parallels or exceeds that of TNF alpha and may influence the immunomodulatory effects of TNF alpha during cytokine therapy.
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