ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1993
Age, sex, and temporary resident originated prescribing units (ASTRO-PUs): new weightings for analysing prescribing of general practices in England.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Controlled trial of pharmacist intervention in general practice: the effect on prescribing costs.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1999Trial
- Sharing resources to create a district drug formulary: a countywide controlled trial.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1996Trial
- The influence of age, gender and pharmacogenetic profiles on the perspective on medicines in the German EMPAR study.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Gender Differences in Medication Use: A Drug Utilization Study Based on Real World Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The scale of repeat prescribing--time for an update.BMC health services research · 2014Article
- Article
- Identifying how age and gender influence prescription drug use in a primary health care environment in Catalonia, Spain.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2008Article
- ASSET (Age/Sex Standardised Estimates of Treatment): a research model to improve the governance of prescribing funds in Italy.PloS one · 2007Article
- Attitudes and behaviour of general practitioners and their prescribing costs: a national cross sectional survey.Quality & safety in health care · 2003Article
- A prescription for improvement? An observational study to identify how general practices vary in their growth in prescribing costs.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2000Article
- Feasibility study of multicentre comparison of NHS hospital pharmacy computer data.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2000Article
- Do GPs working in practice with high or low prescribing costs have different views on prescribing cost issues?The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2000Article
- Analysis of the ability of the new needs adjustment formula to improve the setting of weighted capitation prescribing budgets in English general practice.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2000Article
- Derivation of a needs based capitation formula for allocating prescribing budgets to health authorities and primary care groups in England: regression analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2000Article
- Morbidity, deprivation, and antidepressant prescribing in general practice.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1999Article
- Therapeutic substitution and therapeutic conservatism as cost-containment strategies in primary care: a study of fundholders and non-fundholders.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1999Article
- Accrediting research practices.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1998Article
- A comparison of three methods of setting prescribing budgets, using data derived from defined daily dose analyses of historic patterns of use.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1998Article
- Prescribing allocations: theory into practices.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 1998Article
- Controversies in primary care. Setting prescribing budgets in general practice. Effective prescribing at practice level should be identified and rewarded.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1998Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo derive demographic weightings to replace the existing system of prescribing units used in analysing prescribing by general practitioners in England.
designThe prescribing data for one year from a sample of 90 practices in 80 family health service authority areas were used to calculate the relative frequency with which items were prescribed, for each sex, in nine age bands and for temporary residents. Data on the variation in cost per item by age and sex then allowed estimates to be made of the relative costs for these groups. Integer values for both the item based and cost based weightings were obtained by conversion to optimal integer scales.
main outcome measuresItem based and cost based weightings for each of the 18 age-sex groups and for temporary residents. The cost based weightings were considered more appropriate to the context in which the new system was to be used.
resultsPrescribing costs increased noticeably, for both sexes, in the middle years (ages 35-64). Compared with the existing system, the cost based weightings (ASTRO-PUs) gave greater weight to patients aged 45 and over, especially those in the 55-64 age band, at the expense of younger patients. Children under 5 received twice as many items as those aged 5-14, but the inexpensiveness of their drugs made the cost based weightings of the two groups equal. Similarly, women were generally given more items than men, but at a lower average cost per item, which reduced differences between the sexes in the cost based weightings. Costs for patients aged 75 and over, compared with those aged 65-74, were higher only for women.
conclusionsThe cost based weightings proposed are believed to reflect the present distribution of prescribing costs, in relation to age and sex, in English general practice. They are intended for use in analyses at practice level.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.