ArticleInfection and immunity1994
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human macrophages modulates the cytokine response to Pneumocystis carinii.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune responses of different hosts toEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- The absence of Hck, Fgr, and Lyn tyrosine kinases augments lung innate immune responses to Pneumocystis murina.Infection and immunity · 2009Article
- Pneumocystis activates human alveolar macrophage NF-kappaB signaling through mannose receptors.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
- Impairment of beta chemokine and cytokine production in patients with HIV related Pneumocystis jerovici pneumonia.Thorax · 2004Article
- The management of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 1999Article
- Immunological features of Pneumocystis carinii infection in humans.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 1999Review
- Treatment of infection due to Pneumocystis carinii.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1998Review
- Prevention of infection due to Pneumocystis carinii.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1998Review
- The major surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii induces release and gene expression of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in monocytes.Infection and immunity · 1997Article
- Article
- Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytokine gene expression in myeloid cells by NF-kappa B/Rel transcription factors.Microbiological reviews · 1995Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The present studies examined production of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6 by human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and the impact of concurrent macrophage infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on these cytokine responses. Macrophages were infected with the HIV-1 BaL monocytotropic strain for 10 to 14 days and then exposed to P. carinii. At various times following P. carinii treatment, culture supernatants were harvested to assess the cytokine profile. Addition of P. carinii to HIV-uninfected macrophages resulted in augmented production of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta protein. By contrast, in HIV-infected macrophages exposed to P. carinii, only the release of IL-6 was increased compared with that for HIV-uninfected macrophages, while the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta decreased. This altered response was confirmed at the molecular level for TNF-alpha mRNA. Preventing physical contact between P. carinii and macrophages by a membrane filter inhibited all cytokine release. Substituting P. carinii with a preparation of P. carinii 95- to 115-kDa major membrane glycoprotein A yielded a response similar to that obtained by addition of intact P. carinii. These results suggest that HIV-1 infection of human macrophages modulates cytokine responses to P. carinii.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.