ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine1994
Comparison of somatic mutation frequency among immunoglobulin genes.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Affinity Maturation for Antibody Engineering: The Critical Role of Residues on CDR Loops of Antibodies in Antigen Binding.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The IgHFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SLAM family receptors control pro-survival effectors in germinal center B cells to promote humoral immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Attracting AID to targets of somatic hypermutation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2010Article
- The in vivo pattern of AID targeting to immunoglobulin switch regions deduced from mutation spectra in msh2-/- ung-/- mice.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2006Article
- The very 5' end and the constant region of Ig genes are spared from somatic mutation because AID does not access these regions.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2005Article
- Elucidation of IgH intronic enhancer functions via germ-line deletion.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Somatic hypermutation in human B cell subsets.Springer seminars in immunopathology · 2001Review
- Human B cells accumulate immunoglobulin V gene somatic mutations in a cell contact-dependent manner in cultures supported by activated T cells but not in cultures supported by CD40 ligand.Clinical and experimental immunology · 1999Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We analyzed the frequency of somatic mutation in immunoglobulin genes from hybridomas that secrete anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) monoclonal antibodies. A high frequency of mutation (3.3-4.4%) was observed in both the rearranged VH186.2 and V lambda 1 genes, indicating that somatic mutation occurs with similar frequency in these genes in spite of the absence of an intron enhancer in lambda 1 chain genes. In contrast to the high frequency in J-C introns, only two nucleotide substitutions occurred at positions -462 and -555 in the 5' noncoding region in one of the lambda 1-chain genes and in none of the other three so far studied. Since a similar low frequency of somatic mutation was observed in the 5' noncoding region of inactive lambda 2-chain genes rendered inactive because of incorrect rearrangement, this region may not be a target or alternatively, may be protected from the mutator system. We observed a low frequency of nucleotide substitution in unrearranged V lambda 1 genes (approximately 1/15 that of rearranged genes). Together with previous results (Azuma T., N. Motoyama, L. Fields, and D. Loh, 1993. Int. Immunol. 5:121), these findings suggest that the 5' noncoding region, which contains the promoter element, provides a signal for the somatic mutator system and that rearrangement, which brings the promoter into close proximity to the enhancer element, should increase mutation efficiency.
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