ReviewThe Journal of cell biology1994
Motile kinetochores and polar ejection forces dictate chromosome position on the vertebrate mitotic spindle.
Review in The Journal of cell biology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 301 citations in OpenAlex.
- The kinetochore corona orchestrates chromosome congression through transient microtubule interactions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Force generation and resistance in human mitosis.Biophysical reviews · 2024Review
- Chromosome size-dependent polar ejection force impairs mammalian mitotic error correction.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Molecular interplay between HURP and Kif18A in mitotic spindle regulation.Research square · 2024Article
- CKAP5 stabilizes CENP-E at kinetochores by regulating microtubule-chromosome attachments.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- Chromosome size-dependent polar ejection force impairs mammalian mitotic error correction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying spindle assembly and robustness.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2023Review
- Oocytes can repair DNA damage during meiosis via a microtubule-dependent recruitment of CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
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- Length-dependent poleward flux of sister kinetochore fibers promotes chromosome alignment.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Pathogenic mutations in the chromokinesin KIF22 disrupt anaphase chromosome segregation.eLife · 2022Article
- The Astrin-SKAP complex reduces friction at the kinetochore-microtubule interface.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Polar Chromosomes-Challenges of a Risky Path.Cells · 2022Review
- Attenuated Chromosome Oscillation as a Cause of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2021Review
- Role of spatial patterns and kinetochore architecture in spindle morphogenesis.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2021Review
- Mitotic spindle: lessons from theoretical modeling.Molecular biology of the cell · 2021Article
- Microtubule poleward flux in human cells is driven by the coordinated action of four kinesins.The EMBO journal · 2020Article
- Induction of a Spindle-Assembly-Competent M Phase in Xenopus Egg Extracts.Current biology : CB · 2019Article
- Aurora A promotes chromosome congression by activating the condensin-dependent pool of KIF4A.The Journal of cell biology · 2019Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We argue that hypotheses for how chromosomes achieve a metaphase alignment, that are based solely on a tug-of-war between poleward pulling forces produced along the length of opposing kinetochore fibers, are no longer tenable for vertebrates. Instead, kinetochores move themselves and their attached chromosomes, poleward and away from the pole, on the ends of relatively stationary but shortening/elongating kinetochore fiber microtubules. Kinetochores are also "smart" in that they switch between persistent constant-velocity phases of poleward and away from the pole motion, both autonomously and in response to information within the spindle. Several molecular mechanisms may contribute to this directional instability including kinetochore-associated microtubule motors and kinetochore microtubule dynamic instability. The control of kinetochore directional instability, to allow for congression and anaphase, is likely mediated by a vectorial mechanism whose magnitude and orientation depend on the density and orientation or growth of polar microtubules. Polar microtubule arrays have been shown to resist chromosome poleward motion and to push chromosomes away from the pole. These "polar ejection forces" appear to play a key role in regulating kinetochore directional instability, and hence, positions achieved by chromosomes on the spindle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.