ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)1993
Bone mineral density and long term exercise. An overview of cross-sectional athlete studies.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Acute calcium ingestion attenuates exercise-induced disruption of calcium homeostasis.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2011Trial
- Low bone mineral density is two to three times more prevalent in non-athletic premenopausal women than in elite athletes: a comprehensive controlled study.British journal of sports medicine · 2005Trial
- A pilot intervention to increase calcium intake in female collegiate athletes.International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2004Trial
- Yap1 regulates motility and vertebral development and prevents kyphoscoliosis in zebrafish.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Analysis of Calcaneal Bone Mineral Density (cBMD) in Healthy College Students.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2022Article
- Clinical fracture risk evaluated by hierarchical agglomerative clustering.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Article
- Effect of Moderate Aerobic Training on Bone Metabolism Indices among Adult Humans.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2014Article
- Bone quality: the determinants of bone strength and fragility.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2014Review
- Contribution of taking part in sport to the association between physical activity and quality of life.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2013Article
- Changes in body composition in triathletes during an Ironman race.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Article
- Four weeks of training in a sledge jump system improved the jump pattern to almost natural reactive jumps.European journal of applied physiology · 2012Article
- A Systematic Review of Bone Health in Cyclists.Sports health · 2011Article
- Seventy-year-old habitual volleyball players have larger tibial cross-sectional area and may be differentiated from their age-matched peers by the osteogenic index in dynamic performance.European journal of applied physiology · 2010Article
- Article
- Role of sport and exercise in the maintenance of female bone health.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2009Review
- Independent and combined effect of nutrition and exercise on bone mass development.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2008Review
- Water polo is associated with an apparent redistribution of bone mass and density from the lower to the upper limbs.European journal of applied physiology · 2006Article
- Changes in bone mineral density in the hip and spine before, during, and after the menopause in elite runners.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2003Article
- Osteoporosis and exercise.Postgraduate medical journal · 2003Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence in human studies of the association of long term habitual exercise with bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) largely comes from studies in athletes. In young adults, the highest BMC and BMD values have been found in strength and power-trained athletes, while endurance activities such as long distance running and swimming seem less effective with regard to peak bone density. Intensive endurance training may even be associated with amenorrhoea and decreased trabecular bone density in young females. However, after menopause female athletes show greater bone mass indicating that they do not share the accelerated decline in BMC observed in a nonathletic population. Middle-aged and elderly male athletes from various sports have significantly higher BMC and BMD than controls, especially in trabecular bone sites, but higher cortical BMC has also been found in the dominant/nondominant arm comparisons with unilateral exercises such as tennis. The differences found between female athletes and controls have generally been less pronounced than those among men, but a number of studies suggest that in women long term physical training may counteract the low BMC and BMD associated with reduced bone mass. Although the interpretation of results of cross-sectional studies should be treated with caution, studies in athletes serve as an economical alternative approach to experimental trials with their long term follow-up and exercise compliance problems. The differences found in BMD between those who have devoted themselves to life-long training and those who have been much less active should not be underestimated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.