ArticleAnatomy and embryology1993
Developmental pathways of vertebral centra and neural arches in human embryos and fetuses.
Article in Anatomy and embryology, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rietveld refinement on x-ray diffraction patterns of bioapatite in human fetal bones.Biophysical journal · 2003Article
- Densitometric study of developing vertebral bodies.Calcified tissue international · 1995Article
- An immunohistochemical study of protein kinase C distribution in fetal mouse vertebral column.Anatomy and embryology · 1994Article
- On the presence of a secondary cartilage in the mental symphyseal region of human embryos and fetuses.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 1994Review
- The growth of long bones in human embryological and fetal upper limbs and its relationship to other developmental patterns.Anatomy and embryology · 1994Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ossification pathways of both vertebral centra (i.e., vertebral bodies) and neural arches were studied in human embryos and fetuses (CR-length between 38 and 116 mm). A clearing and double-staining method for whole embryo or fetus, using alcian blue and alizarin red S, allowed an easy and precise detection of the morphology of the whole vertebral column and every single vertebra. Both cartilaginous and bony components were clearly visible. Different temporal and topographical patterns of ossification were shown for the centra and arches; the latter were respectively proximal-distal (i.e., bidirectional from a defined starting tract in T10-L1) and cranial-caudal (i.e., monodirectional). The patterns could be related to the morphogenetic processes of other structures (i.e., muscles and nerves). Moreover, the numerical survey of ossification centers provided a possible parameter for the determination of the fetal developmental age. This could be useful in the study of pathological conditions.
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