ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy1994
Efficacies of liposome-encapsulated clarithromycin and ofloxacin against Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex in human macrophages.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liposome-Encapsulated Antibiotics for the Therapy of Mycobacterial Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nanomaterials against intracellular bacterial infection: from drug delivery to intrinsic biofunction.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Nanomaterials for Delivering Antibiotics in the Therapy of Pneumonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Preclinical Models of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection for Early Drug Discovery and Vaccine Research.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Self-Assembled Antimicrobial Nanomaterials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Review
- Efficacy and safety of liposomal clarithromycin and its effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Article
- Ciprofloxacin in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes: efficacy in rat models of acute or chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2002Article
- Improved efficacy of ciprofloxacin administered in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2001Article
- Treatment of intracellular Mycobacterium avium complex infection by free and liposome-encapsulated sparfloxacin.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1996Article
- Reporter gene technology to assess activity of antimycobacterial agents in macrophages.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1996Article
- Retinal toxicity of liposome-incorporated and free ofloxacin after intravitreal injection in rabbit eyes.International ophthalmologyArticle
- Article
- Nanoparticle approaches against bacterial infections.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacies of liposome-encapsulated ofloxacin and clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare (MAI) were evaluated in a model of intramacrophage infection. Liposome encapsulation was found to markedly enhance the uptake of each of the drugs by human macrophages. The human blood-derived macrophages were infected at day 7 of culture with MAI. Treatment was initiated 24 h after the infection, and the number of intracellular bacteria was determined at days 2, 3, and 4. Liposome entrapment of either ofloxacin or clarithromycin significantly (P < 0.005) enhanced the activities of the drugs when compared with the antimycobacterial effects of equivalent concentrations of the free (unentrapped) drugs. The drugs were used at concentrations close to their clinically achievable peak levels. The efficacy of clarithromycin, either in the free or liposome-entrapped form, was markedly higher than that of ofloxacin. Liposome-encapsulated ofloxacin or clarithromycin plus ethambutol was, in each case, more effective in organism eradication (P < 0.005) than each agent used singly. These results suggest that liposome-encapsulated clarithromycin may be more effective than the free form of the drug against MAI infections in vivo, and the use of a combination therapy with ethambutol could further enhance the efficacy.
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