ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1994
High expression of genes for calcification-regulating proteins in human atherosclerotic plaques.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 610 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- (Sub)clinical cardiovascular disease is associated with increased bone loss and fracture risk; a systematic review of the association between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2011Pooled it
- Article
- Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- TheCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Review
- PAC1 deficiency reduces chondrogenesis in atherosclerotic lesions of hypercholesterolemic ApoE-deficient mice.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Early diagnosis of aortic calcification through dental X-ray examination for dental pulp stones.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular Calcification Heterogeneity in Chronic Kidney Disease.Circulation research · 2023Review
- The Pleiotropic Role of Vitamin K in Multimorbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Updates in the chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder show the role of osteocytic proteins, a potential mechanism of the bone-Vascular paradox, a therapeutic target, and a biomarker.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Macrophage death in atherosclerosis: potential role in calcification.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Myringosclerosis as a predictor of the requirement for a permanent pacemaker in patients with drug-related atrioventricular block.Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · 2022Observational
- Serum Homocysteine and Vascular Calcification: Advances in Mechanisms, Related Diseases, and Nutrition.Korean journal of family medicine · 2022Article
- Plasma Concentrations of New Biochemical Markers of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Dyslipidemia-A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Role of Matrix Gla Protein in the Complex Network of Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Medical Benefits of Vitamin KNutrients · 2021Review
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Calcification is common in atheromatous plaques and may contribute to plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis. However, little is known about the mechanisms which regulate the calcification process. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we show that two bone-associated proteins, osteopontin (OP) and matrix Gla protein (MGP), are highly expressed in human atheromatous plaques. High levels of OP mRNA and protein were found in association with necrotic lipid cores and areas of calcification. The predominant cell type in these areas was the macrophage-derived foam cell, although some smooth muscle cells could also be identified. MGP was expressed uniformly by smooth muscle cells in the normal media and at high levels in parts of the atheromatous intima. Highest levels of this matrix-associated protein were found in lipid-rich areas of the plaque. The pattern of expression of these two genes contrasted markedly with that of calponin and SM22 alpha, genes expressed predominantly by differentiated smooth muscle cells and whose expression was generally confined to the media of the vessel. The postulated function of OP and MGP as regulators of calcification in bone and the high levels and colocalization of both in atheromatous plaques suggest they have an important role in plaque pathogenesis and stability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.