ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1994
The interleukin (IL) 2 receptor beta chain is shared by IL-2 and a cytokine, provisionally designated IL-T, that stimulates T-cell proliferation and the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01572493 (A Phase I Study of a Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Recombinant Human Interleukin IL-15), which is not on this map. Cited by 123 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Study of a Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Recombinant Human Interleukin IL-15 (rhIL-15) in Adults With Metastatic Cancers
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 412 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- IL-15 promotes immune escape, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer by upregulating PD-L1 expression via the JAK1/STAT1/IRF1 pathway.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- TCF1bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advances in IL-15-Based Cancer Immunotherapy and Divergent Immunological Effects of IL-2 and IL-15 Signaling via the Shared IL-2Rβγ Receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IGM-7354, an Immunocytokine with IL15 Fused to an Anti-PD-L1 IgM, Induces NK and CD8+ T cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity of PD-L1-Positive Tumor Cells.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- MNK: A Novel Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Interleukin 15: A new intermediary in the effects of exercise and training on skeletal muscle and bone function.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- IL-15 in T-Cell Responses and Immunopathogenesis.Immune network · 2024Review
- Trained immunity inducers in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Therapeutic approaches to enhance natural killer cell cytotoxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- New insights into the stemness of adoptively transferred T cells by γc family cytokines.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Interleukin-15 augments NK cell-mediated ADCC of alemtuzumab in patients with CD52+ T-cell malignancies.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells regulate differentiation and function of CD4 T cells via CD25.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Generation of Tumor-activated T cells Using Electroporation.Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- A Fusion Protein Complex that Combines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 Signaling to Induce Memory-Like NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer immunology research · 2021Article
- Exploring the Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Implications of Interleukin 2 in Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2021Review
- Gata2-L359V impairs primitive and definitive hematopoiesis and blocks cell differentiation in murine chronic myelogenous leukemia model.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Overlapping Diseases with a Common Cytokine Signature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Roles of IL-2 in bridging adaptive and innate immunity, and as a tool for cellular immunotherapy.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2020Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Late-phase human T-cell lymphotropic virus I-associated adult T-cell leukemia cells express IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) but no longer produce IL-2. We have reported that the IL-2-independent adult T-cell leukemia line HuT-102 secretes a cytokine, provisionally designated IL-T, that stimulates T-cell proliferation and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity. Stimulation of proliferation of the cytokine-dependent human T-cell line Kit-225 mediated by HuT-102-conditioned medium or by 3200-fold-purified IL-T was not blocked by the addition of antibodies against IL-2 or IL-2R alpha subunit. However, IL-T-mediated stimulation of this human T-cell line was inhibited by addition of Mik-beta 1, an antibody that binds specifically to IL-2R beta subunit. In addition, the activation of large granular lymphocytes to lymphokine-activated killer cells mediated by IL-T-containing conditioned medium was not blocked by antibodies directed toward IL-2 or IL-2 alpha but was inhibited by an antibody to IL-2R beta, suggesting the requirement of this receptor subunit for IL-T action. This conclusion was confirmed using an IL-3-dependent murine myeloid precursor cell line, 32D, that expresses IL-2R alpha and IL-2R gamma, but not IL-2R beta. Neither IL-2 nor IL-T stimulated 32D cell proliferation. However, after transfection with the gene encoding human IL-2R beta, 32D beta cells proliferated on addition of either cytokine. The IL-T-mediated stimulation of 32D beta proliferation was inhibited by an anti-IL-2R beta antibody but not by an anti-IL-2 antibody. Thus, the IL-T-mediated stimulation of T-cell and lymphokine-activated killer cell activation requires the expression of the IL-2R beta subunit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.