ArticleThe Biochemical journal1994
Transforming growth factor beta decreases the rate of proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells by extending the G2 phase of the cell cycle and delays the rise in cyclic AMP before entry into M phase.
Article in The Biochemical journal, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- SMAD3 rs17228212 Polymorphism Is Associated with Advanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Slovenian Population.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Excessive Production of Transforming Growth Factor β1 Causes Mural Cell Depletion From Cerebral Small Vessels.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Article
- Young microglia restore amyloid plaque clearance of aged microglia.The EMBO journal · 2017Article
- The association of functional polymorphisms in genes encoding growth factors for endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells with the severity of coronary artery disease.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2016Article
- Ascending Aortic Proaneurysmal Genetic Mutations with Antiatherogenic Effects.The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc · 2015Article
- Conditional expression of TGF-β1 in skeletal muscles causes endomysial fibrosis and myofibers atrophy.PloS one · 2013Article
- Accelerated reendothelialization, increased neovascularization and erythrocyte extravasation after arterial injury in BAMBI-/- mice.PloS one · 2013Article
- TGFBR2 but not SPP1 genotype modulates osteopontin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy muscle.The Journal of pathology · 2012Article
- Pathology of urethral fibromuscular system related to parturition-induced stress urinary incontinence and TGF-β1/Smad pathway.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2012Article
- Induced elastic matrix deposition within three-dimensional collagen scaffolds.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2011Article
- Blockade of TGF-β by catheter-based local intravascular gene delivery does not alter the in-stent neointimal response, but enhances inflammation in pig coronary arteries.International journal of cardiology · 2010Article
- Myogenic growth factors can decrease extraocular muscle force generation: a potential biological approach to the treatment of strabismus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2008Article
- Platelet-derived growth factor modulates rat vascular smooth muscle cell responses on laminin-5 via mitogen-activated protein kinase-sensitive pathways.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2005Article
- Lipoprotein(a): new insights into mechanisms of atherogenesis and thrombosis.Clinical cardiology · 2004Review
- Rapid up-regulation of alpha4 integrin-mediated leukocyte adhesion by transforming growth factor-beta1.Molecular biology of the cell · 2003Article
- Cold ischemia induces isograft arteriopathy, but does not augment allograft arteriopathy in non-immunosuppressed hosts.The American journal of pathology · 2002Article
- The latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein (LTBP) family.The Biochemical journal · 2000Review
- Thrombospondin 1 does not activate transforming growth factor beta1 in a chemically defined system or in smooth-muscle-cell cultures.The Biochemical journal · 2000Article
- Differential regulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 by cAMP and dissociation of ERK inhibition from anti-mitogenic effects in rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells.The Biochemical journal · 1999Article
- Inhibition of rat vascular smooth muscle proliferation in vitro and in vivo by bone morphogenetic protein-2.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) decreased the rate of proliferation of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated with serum showing a maximal effect at > 5 ng/ml (200 pM). However, it did not reduce the proportion of cells which passed through S phase (> 90%) and entry into S phase was delayed by less than 3 h. The proportion of cells passing through M phase (> 90%) was also unaffected, but entry into mitosis was delayed by approx. 24 h. This increase in cell cycle time was therefore due mainly to an increase in the G2 to mitotic metaphase period. Addition of TGF-beta 1 late in G1 or late in S phase failed to delay the onset of mitosis, but the presence of TGF-beta 1 between 0 and 12 h after the addition of serum to quiescent cells was sufficient to cause the maximal delay in mitosis of approx. 24 h. The role of cyclic AMP in the mechanism of the TGF-beta 1 effects on the cell cycle was examined. Entry into mitosis was preceded by a transient 2-fold increase in cyclic AMP concentration and TGF-beta 1 delayed both this increase in cyclic AMP and entry into mitosis to the same extent. Addition of forskolin or 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cyclic AMP to cells 30 h after stimulation with serum completely reversed the increase in duration of G2 in the presence of TGF-beta 1, suggesting that the rise in cyclic AMP levels which precedes mitosis might trigger entry of the VSMCs into M phase. Addition of forskolin late in S phase (26 h after stimulation with serum) advanced the entry of the cells into M phase and they divided prematurely. This effect was unaffected by the addition of cycloheximide with the forskolin; however, the effect of forskolin on cell division was completely inhibited when cycloheximide was added late in G1. TGF-beta 1 prevented the loss of smooth-muscle-specific myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), which occurs in primary VSMC cultures in the presence or absence of serum, and the cells proliferated while maintaining a differentiated phenotype. However, TGF-beta 1 did not cause re-differentiation of subcultured VSMCs which contained very low amounts of SM-MHC and the effect of TGF-beta 1 in extending the G2 phase of the cell cycle is exerted independently of its effect on differentiation.
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