ArticleJournal of neurology1994
Stiff man syndrome: clinical and laboratory findings in eight patients.
Article in Journal of neurology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of movement disorders mislabeled as functional: when incongruence misleads.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Progressive Encephalomyelitis With Rigidity and Myoclonus With Glycine Receptor Antibodies: Clinical Features and Outcomes.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Pooled it
- Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus initially diagnosed as an anxiety disorder associated with anti-glycine receptor antibodies: A case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Neurophysiological Insights into the Pathophysiology of Stiff-Person Spectrum Disorders.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Review
- Stiff Person Spectrum Disorders-An Update and Outlook on Clinical, Pathophysiological and Treatment Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- [From stiff man syndrome to stiff person spectrum disorders].Der Nervenarzt · 2018Review
- A case of stiff dog syndrome associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies.Journal of clinical movement disorders · 2017Article
- Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive neurological syndromes.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2016Review
- Clinical and Immunologic Investigations in Patients With Stiff-Person Spectrum Disorder.JAMA neurology · 2016Article
- Autoimmune stiff person syndrome and related myelopathies: understanding of electrophysiological and immunological processes.Muscle & nerve · 2012Review
- A case of glycine-receptor antibody-associated encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM): clinical course, treatment and CSF findings.Journal of neurology · 2011Article
- Article
- Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity: a case report.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2010Article
- Selective loss of Purkinje cells in a patient with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2007Article
- Stiff man syndrome.CNS drugs · 2001Review
- Stiff-man syndrome.Postgraduate medical journal · 1998Article
- Electrophysiological evaluation of the stiff-man syndrome: further data.Journal of neurology · 1996Article
- Stiff-person syndrome with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies: complete remission of symptoms after intrathecal baclofen administration.Journal of neurology · 1995Review
- Stiff man syndrome: neurophysiological findings in eight patients.Journal of neurology · 1995Article
- GAD, diabetes, and Stiff-Man syndrome: some progress and more questions.Journal of endocrinological investigationReview
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and neurophysiological findings of eight patients with stiff man syndromes (SMS) [four of six being tested with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)] are presented. In two patients (one GAD-positive, one GAD-negative), transient oculomotor disturbances suggested progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) as differential diagnosis. The catalogue of characteristic clinical symptoms of SMS is extended by three new symptoms: (1) an aura-like feeling reported by five patients to precede spontaneous spasmodic attacks; (2) a stereotyped motor pattern seen in seven patients during spasmodic jerks, consisting of brief opisthotonos, stiffening of the slightly abducted legs and inversion of the plantar-flexed feet; (3) a paroxysmal fear when crossing a free space unaided, or even thinking of it. Clinical findings did not enable us to discriminate between patients tested GAD-positive or GAD-negative. Cerebrospinal fluid contained elevated immunoglobulin levels or cell counts, or both, in the majority of patients. Autopsy of one patient revealed scattered lymphocyte cuffs around leptomeningeal, intracerebral and particularly intraspinal vessels, suggesting a mild inflammatory process. Whether SMS and PERM are closely related is discussed; they are possibly both manifestations of a spectrum of encephalomyelopathies having autoimmunity against GABAergic neurons in common.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8164018What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.