ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1994
Clonal variants of hybridoma cells that switch isotype at a high frequency.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rapid Isolation of Rare Isotype-Switched Hybridoma Variants: Application to the Generation of IgG2a and IgG2b MAb to CD63, a Late Endosome and Exosome Marker.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- A requirement for FcγR in antibody-mediated bacterial toxin neutralization.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2010Article
- Molecular characterization of hybridoma subclones spontaneously switching at high frequencies in vitro.Journal of immunological methods · 2009Article
- Forced expression of AID facilitates the isolation of class switch variants from hybridoma cells.Journal of immunological methods · 2006Article
- Article
- CD40 ligand and appropriate cytokines induce switching to IgG, IgA, and IgE and coordinated germinal center and plasmacytoid phenotypic differentiation in a human monoclonal IgM+IgD+ B cell line.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 1998Article
- Promiscuous translocations into immunoglobulin heavy chain switch regions in multiple myeloma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1996Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As B cells differentiate under the influence of antigen and T cells, they frequently switch from the expression of IgM antibody to the expression of other isotypes. This is accomplished by rearranging the expressed variable region gene to downstream constant region genes and deleting the intervening sequences. Some B-cell lines that represent early stages in development switch constitutively in culture at frequencies that approach those of lipopolysaccharide- or lymphokine-stimulated normal B cells. Hybridoma cells represent a later stage of development and rarely switch in culture. In contrast to early B-cell lines, hybridomas produce large amounts of immunoglobulin, and single cells can be assayed easily for the expression of new isotypes. We have used the ELISA spot assay and fluctuation analysis to determine the rate of switching of two hybridoma cell lines. By identifying subclones that switched more frequently, we have progressively enriched for cells that switch spontaneously at higher rates. These cells, like normal cells, switch by rearrangement and deletion, and the frequency of switched cells in some of the clones is comparable to that which has been observed in less differentiated B-cell lines and in normal B cells.
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