ArticleJournal of virology1994
Why is CpG suppressed in the genomes of virtually all small eukaryotic viruses but not in those of large eukaryotic viruses?
Article in Journal of virology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 172 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
172 citing papers in PubMed, 336 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased or decreased numbers of CpG dinucleotide motifs in the genome of influenza A virus do not affectJournal of virology · 2026Article
- Epigenomic methylome landscape of promoters in vertebrate genomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Codon Usage Analysis Across Diverse Plant Lineages.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Detection, isolation, and complete genome sequencing of pigeon torque teno virus in Indian racing pigeons with pock-like lesions.Virus genes · 2025Article
- Effect of increased CpG and UpA dinucleotides in the West Nile virus genome on virus transmission byJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Mammalian antiviral proteins ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- New insights into the role of IFN-α/β and TLR7/8/9 in cancer immunotherapy and systemic autoimmunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Mammalian ZAP and KHNYN can independently restrict CpG-enriched avian viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The effect of taxonomic, host-dependent features and sample bias on virus host prediction using machine learning and short sequence k-mers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Code of Viral-Host Adaptation Through Maximum-Entropy Nucleotide Bias Models.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Host ZAP activity correlates with the levels of CpG suppression in primate lentiviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
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- Dual Roles of Host Zinc Finger Proteins in Viral RNA Regulation: Decay or Stabilization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An Integrated Signaling Threshold Initiates IgG Response toward Virus-like Immunogens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- C G composition in transposon-derived genes is increased in FXD with perturbed immune system.NAR molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Depletion of CpG dinucleotides in bacterial genomes may represent an adaptation to high temperatures.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2024Article
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- Versatility of the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) As a Modulator of Viral Infections.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- A study on the codon usage bias of arenavirus common genes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
112 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dinucleotide over- and underrepresentation is evaluated in all available completely sequenced DNA or RNA viral genomes, ranging in size from 3 to 250 kb (available RNA viruses fall into the small-virus category). The dinucleotide CpG is statistically underrepresented (suppressed) in all but four of the small viruses (more than 75 with lengths of < 30 kb) but has normal relative abundances in most large viruses (> or = 30 kb). Most retrotransposons in eukaryotic species also show low CpG relative abundances. Interpretations, especially in some cases of DNA viruses or viruses with a DNA intermediate, might relate to methylation effects and modes of viral integration and excision. Other possible contributing factors relate to dinucleotide stacking energies, special mutation mechanisms, and evolutionary events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.