ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy1994
Comparison of mutants of Toxoplasma gondii selected for resistance to azithromycin, spiramycin, or clindamycin.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Experimental Role of Medicinal Plants in Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii Infection: A Systematic Review.Acta parasitologica · 2021Pooled it
- A review of natural products as a source of next-generation drugs against apicomplexan parasites.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Review
- Nanos gigantium humeris insidentes: old papers informing new research into Toxoplasma gondii.International journal for parasitology · 2021Review
- Treatment of Human Babesiosis: Then and Now.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Delayed death in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is caused by disruption of prenylation-dependent intracellular trafficking.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- Brazilian strains of Toxoplasma gondii are controlled by azithromycin and modulate cytokine production in human placental explants.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Article
- Validation of Putative Apicoplast-Targeting Drugs Using a Chemical Supplementation Assay in Cultured Human Malaria Parasites.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Drug Resistance inFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Ciprofloxacin Derivatives Affect Parasite Cell Division and Increase the Survival of Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii.PloS one · 2015Article
- Role of calcium signaling in the transcriptional regulation of the apicoplast genome of Plasmodium falciparum.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- Chemistry and biology of macrolide antiparasitic agents.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2011Article
- Evaluation of drug effects on Toxoplasma gondii nuclear and plastid DNA replication using real-time PCR.Parasitology research · 2010Article
- A type II pathway for fatty acid biosynthesis presents drug targets in Plasmodium falciparum.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2003Article
- Synergistic effect of clindamycin and atovaquone in acute murine toxoplasmosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1999Article
- Use of Toxoplasma gondii expressing beta-galactosidase for colorimetric assessment of drug activity in vitro.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1997Article
- Extrachromosomal DNA in the Apicomplexa.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 1997Review
- In vitro assays elucidate peculiar kinetics of clindamycin action against Toxoplasma gondii.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1995Article
- Inhibition of cytoplasmic and organellar protein synthesis in Toxoplasma gondii. Implications for the target of macrolide antibiotics.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1995Article
- Localization of azithromycin in Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 1994Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Azithromycin and spiramycin markedly inhibited the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in cultured human fibroblasts. However, 3 days of treatment were required to reveal their full antitoxoplasma activity. This delayed onset of inhibition was similar to that previously reported for clindamycin. Mutants of T. gondii resistant to azithromycin (AziR-1) and spiramycin (SprR-1) were isolated and compared with a previously described mutant resistant to clindamycin (ClnR-2). Mutant ClnR-2 was cross-resistant to all three antibiotics, while AziR-1 was cross-resistant only to spiramycin and SprR-1 was cross-resistant only to azithromycin. In short-term studies of protein synthesis by freshly prepared extracellular parasites, clindamycin and azithromycin were effective only at concentrations much greater than their 50% inhibitory concentrations in infected cultures and the resistant mutants did not differ from the wild type in antibiotic sensitivity. Thus, protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes of the parasite did not seem to be the target of these antibiotics. To determine whether mitochondrial protein synthesis in T. gondii was inhibited by clindamycin or azithromycin, wild-type parasites were grown in cultured cells in the presence of antibiotic concentrations well above the 50% inhibitory concentrations. Mitochondrial function, measured by oxygen uptake per purified extracellular parasite, did not decrease substantially, after the parasites had multiplied 11-fold in the presence of antibiotic. Thus, mitochondrial protein synthesis did not seem to be the target of clindamycin or azithromycin. An alternative target is protein synthesis in the putative apicomplexan organelle that has a 35-kb genome.
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