Evidence map›Paper›PMID 8096643›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1993

Functional inhibition of retinoic acid response by dominant negative retinoic acid receptor mutants.

K Damm, R A Heyman, K Umesono, R M Evans

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1993. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 196 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Epithelial sensing of vitamin A shapes intestinal antimicrobial defense.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

K DammGene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037.
R A Heyman
K Umesono
R M Evans
Salk Institute for Biological Studies · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The diverse effects of retinoids on the development, growth, and homeostasis of vertebrate organisms are mediated in part by three distinct isoforms of retinoic acid receptors (RARs). These proteins, which are structurally and functionally closely related to thyroid hormone receptors and the oncogene product v-ErbA, regulate patterns of gene expression in target tissues. One approach to study the distinct effects of retinoic acid in cells is to subvert this activity of endogenous receptors by expression of dominant negative receptor derivatives. We demonstrate here that RAR alpha, RAR beta, and RAR gamma can be converted into potent negative transcriptional regulators that block wild-type RAR function. Furthermore, these mutant RARs, but not the wild-type receptors, actively repress the basal transcription level of target promoters. When expressed in transgenic mice, the most potent of these inhibitory receptor mutants is apparently able to disturb developmental processes by inducing a cleft palate in transgenic offspring.

Indexed as

Genes, DominantAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBinding, CompetitiveCarrier ProteinsCell LineChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseCleft PalateCongenital AbnormalitiesHumansKineticsMiceMice, TransgenicMolecular Sequence DataOncogene Proteins v-erbAPromoter Regions, GeneticCarrier ProteinsChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseOncogene Proteins v-erbAProtein-Tyrosine KinasesReceptors, Retinoic AcidReceptors, Thyroid HormoneRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRetroviridae Proteins, OncogenicTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID8096643
PMCPMC46222
OpenAlexW1975340607

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.