Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)1994
Does early nutrition in infants born before term programme later blood pressure?
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- High protein intake on later outcomes in preterm children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.Circulation · 2008Pooled it
- Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2007Pooled it
- Effect of breast feeding in infancy on blood pressure in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2003Pooled it
- Trial
- Early postnatal nutrition and renal consequences in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- The Maternal Capital Hypothesis: Giving Mothers Central Place in Evolutionary Perspectives on Developmental Plasticity and Health.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Review
- Preventing disease in the 21st century: early breast milk exposure and later cardiovascular health in premature infants.Pediatric research · 2020Review
- Postnatal nutritional intakes and hyperglycemia as determinants of blood pressure at 6.5 years of age in children born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2019Article
- Early postnatal nutrition after preterm birth and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adulthood.PloS one · 2018Article
- Protein intake in early childhood and cardiometabolic health at school age: the Generation R Study.European journal of nutrition · 2016Article
- Programming of Essential Hypertension: What Pediatric Cardiologists Need to Know.Pediatric cardiology · 2015Review
- Infant-feeding patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood: data from five cohorts in low- and middle-income countries.International journal of epidemiology · 2011Article
- The relationship between birthweight and longitudinal changes of blood pressure is modulated by beta-adrenergic receptor genes: the Bogalusa Heart Study.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2010Article
- The association of childhood socioeconomic conditions with healthy longevity at the oldest-old ages in China.Demography · 2007Article
- Safety and efficacy of early amino acids in preterm <28 weeks gestation: prospective observational comparison.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2006Article
- Association between chronic undernutrition and hypertension.Maternal & child nutrition · 2005Review
- Dermatoglyphic patterns, very low birth weight, and blood pressure in adolescence.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2001Article
- Infant feeding and adult glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and obesity.Archives of disease in childhood · 2000Article
- Factors associated with birth weight in Sweden: the study of men born in 1913.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 1997Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo test whether nutrition early in infants' development programmes later blood pressure and whether the reported relation between low birth weight and later high blood pressure is due to poor nutrition or growth before full term.
designProspective randomisation of preterm infants to early diets differing greatly in nutrient content in four parallel multicentre trials, with blinded follow up 7.5-8 years later.
settingNeonatal units at Cambridge, Ipswich, King's Lynn, Norwich, and Sheffield. SUBJECTS: 758 children weighing under 1850 g at birth.
main outcome measureBlood pressure at age of 7.5-8 years.
resultsThere were major differences in nutrient intake from randomised diets (preterm formula v standard formula and preterm formula v donor breast milk; in each case with or without mother's milk), but follow up showed no differences in later blood pressure. Individual subjects showed large variation in protein and energy intakes and in growth performance, including degrees of growth failure seldom seen in utero, but these factors were also unrelated to later blood pressure.
conclusionExtremes of nutritional intake and growth performance in preterm infants do not programme later blood pressure at 7.5-8 years of age. These findings do not support the hypothesis that high blood pressure has early nutritional origins. We suggest that the long term rise in blood pressure reported in individuals who had low birthweight (at full term) is not, as previously speculated, due to poor fetal nutrition or growth as such.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.