ArticleJournal of virology1994
Localization of the Vpx packaging signal within the C terminus of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Gag precursor protein.
Article in Journal of virology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inhibition of Vpx-Mediated SAMHD1 and Vpr-Mediated Host Helicase Transcription Factor Degradation by Selective Disruption of Viral CRL4 (DCAF1) E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Assembly.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Degradation of SAMHD1 by Vpx Is Independent of Uncoating.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Variation of two primate lineage-specific residues in human SAMHD1 confers resistance to N terminus-targeted SIV Vpx proteins.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Article
- New insights into an X-traordinary viral protein.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- Efficient transduction of myeloid cells by an HIV-1-derived lentiviral vector that packages the Vpx accessory protein.Gene therapy · 2013Article
- Identification of critical regions in human SAMHD1 required for nuclear localization and Vpx-mediated degradation.PloS one · 2013Article
- Evidence for Vpr-dependent HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ CEM.NKR T-cells.Retrovirology · 2012Article
- SAMHD1 restricts the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by depleting the intracellular pool of deoxynucleoside triphosphates.Nature immunology · 2012Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 modified to package Simian immunodeficiency virus Vpx efficiently infects macrophages and dendritic cells.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Vpx rescues HIV-1 transduction of dendritic cells from the antiviral state established by type 1 interferon.Retrovirology · 2011Article
- Limelight on two HIV/SIV accessory proteins in macrophage infection: is Vpx overshadowing Vpr?Retrovirology · 2010Review
- A cellular restriction dictates the permissivity of nondividing monocytes/macrophages to lentivirus and gammaretrovirus infection.Cell host & microbe · 2009Article
- Characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVSM/human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Vpx function in human myeloid cells.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Lentiviral Vpx accessory factor targets VprBP/DCAF1 substrate adaptor for cullin 4 E3 ubiquitin ligase to enable macrophage infection.PLoS pathogens · 2008Article
- Subunit-specific analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase in vivo.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Viral late domains.Journal of virology · 2002Review
- Functional analysis of the simian immunodeficiency virus Vpx protein: identification of packaging determinants and a novel nuclear targeting domain.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- The C-terminal proline-rich tail of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Vpx is necessary for nuclear localization of the viral preintegration complex in nondividing cells.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Vpx and invariant chain.Journal of virology · 2000Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Viral protein X (Vpx) is a human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus accessory protein that is packaged into virions in molar amounts equivalent to Gag proteins. To delineate the processes of virus assembly that mediate Vpx packaging, we used a recombinant vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase system to facilitate Gag protein expression, particle assembly, and extracellular release. HIV genes were placed under control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter and transfected into HeLa cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. Western immunoblot analysis detected p55gag and its cleavage products p39 and p27 in purified particles derived by expression of gag and gag-pol, respectively. In trans expression of vpx with either HIV-2 gag or gag-pol gave rise to virus-like particles that contained Vpx in amounts similar to that detected in HIV-2 virus produced from productively infected T cells. Using C-terminal deletion and truncation mutants of HIV-2 Gag, we mapped the p15 coding sequence for determinants of Vpx packaging. This analysis revealed a region (residues 439 to 497) downstream of the nucleocapsid protein (NC) required for incorporation of Vpx into virions. HIV-1/HIV-2 gag chimeras were constructed to further characterize the requirements for incorporation of Vpx into virions. Chimeric HIV-1/HIV-2 Gag particles consisting of HIV-1 p17 and p24 fused in frame at the C terminus with HIV-2 p15 effectively incorporate Vpx, while chimeric HIV-2/HIV-1 Gag particles consisting of HIV-2 p17 and p27 fused in frame at the C terminus with HIV-1 p15 do not. Expression of a 68-amino-acid sequence of HIV-2 containing residues 439 to 497 fused to the coding regions of HIV-1 p17 and p24 also produced virus-like particles capable of packaging Vpx in amounts similar to that of full-length HIV-2 Gag. Sucrose gradient analysis confirmed particle association of Vpx and Gag proteins. These results demonstrate that the HIV-2 Gag precursor (p55) regulates incorporation of Vpx into virions and indicates that the packaging signal is located within residues 439 to 497.
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