ArticleAmerican journal of public health1994
What determines mortality risk in male former cigarette smokers?
Article in American journal of public health, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review of cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality.BMC public health · 2015Pooled it
- Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in the 1900s relating smoking to lung cancer.BMC cancer · 2012Pooled it
- Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011Pooled it
- Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2006Pooled it
- The impact of changing exposure to PMEnvironmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- How Dangerous Is Obesity? Issues in Measurement and Interpretation.Population and development review · 2016Article
- Non-cigarette tobacco and the lung.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2014Review
- Dynamic effects of smoking cessation on disease incidence, mortality and quality of life: The role of time since cessation.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2008Article
- Nicotine replacement therapy for a healthier nation. Nicotine replacement is cost effective and should be prescribable on the NHS.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 1998Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine what factors determine the mortality experience of male ex-cigarette smokers, those who no longer smoke at all and those who changed to pipe or cigar smoking.
methodsA cohort study was undertaken with 18-year mortality data on 19,018 men.
resultsEx-cigarette smokers had an intermediate mortality risk compared with never and current smokers. Ex-cigarette smokers who switched to pipe smoking had higher mortality than those who no longer smoked at all. The mortality rates for pipe and cigar smokers who were former cigarette smokers were higher than those for pipe or cigar smokers who had never smoked cigarettes. Ex-cigarette smokers who consumed more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than 20 years experienced increased mortality for both coronary heart disease and neoplasms, even after 30 years of cessation.
conclusionsThese results support the notion that an elevated mortality risk may be seen for ex-cigarette smokers, even after they have given up smoking for many years. Ex-cigarette smokers who change to a pipe have a greater mortality risk than those who no longer smoke at all.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.