ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation1994
Differential in situ cytokine gene expression in acute versus chronic atopic dermatitis.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 780 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D Supplementation for Treating Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Association of staphylococcal superantigen-specific immunoglobulin e with mild and moderate atopic dermatitis.The Journal of pediatrics · 2008Trial
- Epidermal HLA-DR and the enhancement of cutaneous reactivity to superantigenic toxins in psoriasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1999Trial
- Milk-induced eczema is associated with the expansion of T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1995Trial
- Article
- Biologic Therapies Targeting Type 2 Signaling in Atopic Dermatitis: A Comparative Review of Structural and Thermodynamic Differences in Mechanism of Action.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of agave fructans in atopic dermatitis: gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid implication.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Co-Expression Network and Machine Learning Analysis of Transcriptomics Data Identifies Distinct Gene Signatures and Pathways in Lesional and Non-Lesional Atopic Dermatitis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Interleukin-13 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis: The Role of Tralokinumab.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2024Review
- Fungal Head and Neck Dermatitis: Current Understanding and Management.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Off-label use of Baricitinib improves moderate and severe atopic dermatitis in China through inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway via targeting JAK-STAT signaling of CD4Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Atopic dermatitis and gestational age - is there an association between them? A review of the literature and an analysis of pathology.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2023Review
- Multispectral raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy differentiate lesional from non-lesional atopic dermatitis skin using structural and functional imaging markers.Photoacoustics · 2022Article
- Article
- Type 2 Inflammation Contributes to Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2022Review
- Pathogenesis of Paradoxical Reactions Associated with Targeted Biologic Agents for Inflammatory Skin Diseases.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Immunological Pathomechanisms of Spongiotic Dermatitis in Skin Lesions of Atopic Dermatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Break on through: The role of innate immunity and barrier defence in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.Skin health and disease · 2022Review
- Review
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the initiation and maintenance of skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) are poorly understood. Recent data suggest that the pattern of cytokines expressed locally plays a critical role in modulating the nature of tissue inflammation. In this study, we used in situ hybridization to investigate the expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) messenger RNA (mRNA) in skin biopsies from acute and chronic skin lesions of patients with AD. As compared with normal control skin or uninvolved skin of patients with AD, acute and chronic skin lesions had significantly greater numbers of cells that were positive for mRNA, IL-4 (P < 0.01), and IL-5 (P < 0.01), but not for IFN-gamma mRNA expressing cells. However, as compared with acute AD skin lesions, chronic AD skin lesions had significantly fewer IL-4 mRNA-expressing cells (P < 0.01), but significantly greater IL-5 mRNA (P < 0.01). T cells constituted the majority of IL-5-expressing cells in acute and chronic AD lesions. Chronic lesions also expressed significantly greater numbers of activated EG2+ eosinophils than acute lesions (P < 0.01). These data indicate that although acute and chronic AD lesions are associated with increased activation of IL-4 and IL-5 genes, initiation of acute skin inflammation in AD is associated with a predominance of IL-4 expression whereas maintenance of chronic inflammation is predominantly associated with increased IL-5 expression and eosinophil infiltration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.