ArticleThe American journal of pathology1994
Morphological and immunochemical differences between keloid and hypertrophic scar.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07397520 (The Application of Intralesional 5-fluorouracil for the Management of Hypertrophic Facial Scars in the Periocular Region Resulting From Trauma and Surgical Procedures in Individuals Aged Over 18 Years), which is not on this map. Cited by 146 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Application of Intralesional 5-fluorouracil for the Management of Hypertrophic Facial Scars in the Periocular Region Resulting From Trauma and Surgical Procedures in Individuals Aged Over 18 Years
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 533 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent advances in animal models for pathological scar research: A comprehensive review of experimental approaches and translational relevance.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
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- Novel high throughput 3D ECM remodeling assay identifies MEK as key driver of fibrotic fibroblast activity.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Tension-sensitive HOX gene expression in fibroblasts for differential scar formation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Anti-inflammatory coupled anti-angiogenic airway stent effectively suppresses tracheal in-stents restenosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Fibroblast PI3K/AKT signaling and extracellular matrix homeostasis: mechanisms, targets, and delivery challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- TGFβ-mediated inhibition of hypodermal adipocyte progenitor differentiation promotes wound-induced skin fibrosis.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Update on the Pathogenesis of Keloid Formation.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2024Review
- An Update on Molecular Mechanisms of Scarring-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Myofibroma of the pinna: a case report and review of the literature.Surgical case reports · 2024Article
- Mini review on collagens in normal skin and pathological scars: current understanding and future perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha by miR-203a-3p reduces hypertrophic scar formation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Burns & trauma · 2024Article
- From Histopathology to High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging of Skin Scars.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fibrosis in burns: an overview of mechanisms and therapies.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2023Review
- Autocrine IL-6 drives cell and extracellular matrix anisotropy in scar fibroblasts.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Article
- Mesoporous Composite Bioactive Compound Delivery System for Wound-Healing Processes.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Characterization of the skin keloid microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Topical captopril: a promising treatment for secondary lymphedema.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Single-cell transcriptome reveals cellular heterogeneity and lineage-specific regulatory changes of fibroblasts in post-traumatic urethral stricture.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- The Role of Myofibroblasts in Physiological and Pathological Tissue Repair.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2023Review
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are two types of excessive scarring, keloid and hypertrophic scar. Contrary to hypertrophic scars, keloids do not regress with time, are difficult to revise surgically, and do not provoke scar contractures. These two lesions require different therapeutic approaches but are often confused because of an apparent lack of morphological differences. We have investigated the collagen organization and the possible presence of alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin-expressing myofibroblasts in these conditions. Keloids contain large, thick collagen fibers composed of numerous fibrils closely packed together. In contrast hypertrophic scars exhibit modular structures in which fibroblastic cells, small vessels, and fine, randomly organized collagen fibers are present. We confirm that such nodular structures are always present in hypertrophic scar and rarely in keloid. Furthermore, only nodules of hypertrophic scars contain alpha-SM actin-expressing myofibroblasts. Electron microscopic examination supports the above-mentioned differences in collagen organization and in fibroblastic features and shows the presence of an amorphous extracellular material surrounding fibroblastic cells in keloid. The presence in hypertrophic scar myofibroblasts of alpha-SM actin, the actin isoform typical of vascular SM cells, may represent an important element in the pathogenesis of contraction. Interestingly, when placed in culture fibroblasts from hypertrophic scars and keloid express similar amounts of alpha-SM actin, suggesting that local microenvironmental factors influence in vivo the expression of this protein. Thus several morphological and immunohistochemical differences exist between hypertrophic scar and keloid that are useful for the biological and pathological characterization of the two lesions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8030742PMC1887298W1557011207What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.