ArticleThe EMBO journal1994
Human immunodeficiency viruses regulated by alternative trans-activators: genetic evidence for a novel non-transcriptional function of Tat in virion infectivity.
Article in The EMBO journal, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-1-based Virus-like Particles that Morphologically Resemble Mature, Infectious HIV-1 Virions.Viruses · 2019Article
- A hardwired HIV latency program.Cell · 2015Article
- Caveolin-1 suppresses human immunodeficiency virus-1 replication by inhibiting acetylation of NF-κB.Virology · 2012Article
- The HIV-1 Tat protein has a versatile role in activating viral transcription.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Construction of a doxycycline-dependent simian immunodeficiency virus reveals a nontranscriptional function of tat in viral replication.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Small interfering RNAs against the TAR RNA binding protein, TRBP, a Dicer cofactor, inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat expression and viral production.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- New pandemics: HIV and AIDS, HCV and chronic hepatitis, influenza virus and flu.Retrovirology · 2007Article
- Phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate regulates HIV-1 Gag targeting to the plasma membrane.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2004Article
- Selection of TAR RNA-binding chameleon peptides by using a retroviral replication system.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Simian virus 40-based replication of catalytically inactive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase mutants in nonpermissive T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages.Journal of virology · 2004Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease regulation of tat activity is essential for efficient reverse transcription and replication.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can promote placement of tRNA primer onto viral RNA and suppress later DNA polymerization in HIV-1 reverse transcription.Journal of virology · 2002Article
- Role for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein in suppression of viral reverse transcriptase activity during late stages of viral replication.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Strict control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by a genetic switch: Tet for Tat.Journal of virology · 2001Article
- Development of multigene and regulated lentivirus vectors.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Novel Tat-encoding bicistronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1-based gene transfer vectors for high-level transgene expression.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- Jembrana disease virus Tat can regulate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat-directed gene expression and can substitute for HIV Tat in viral replication.Journal of virology · 2000Article
- A second-site mutation that restores replication of a Tat-defective human immunodeficiency virus.Journal of virology · 1999Article
- Functional domains of Tat required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription.Journal of virology · 1999Article
- Requirements for efficient production and transduction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-based vectors.Journal of virology · 1999Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thirteen genetically altered HIV-1 proviruses were created. These various genomes can be segregated into three groups: (i) a set of tat(-) viruses that have a functional HTLV-I Tax inserted in nef; (ii) a set of tat(-) viruses with Gal4 binding sites inserted in U3 and a Gal4-VP16 cDNA inserted in nef; and (iii) a set of tat(+) HIV genomes that are 5' and 3' TAR(-) and are Gal4-binding-site(+) in U3 and Gal4-VP16(+) in nef. We found that viruses in groups (i) and (ii), although tat(-), were fully complemented for viral gene expression based on quantitative measurements of viral protein synthesis and on the visualization by electron microscopy of the proper assembly of morphologically correct virions. Interestingly, group (i) and (ii) virions were defective in a spreading cytopathic infection when assayed in T-lymphocytes. Group (iii) viruses, although capable of producing intact Tat protein, also could not use Tat for transcription/gene expression because of the TAR(-) genotype. However, this class of viral genomes produced viruses that were highly infectious and cytopathic in primary and in continuously propagated T-lymphocytes. These three groups of viruses are all transcriptionally Tat-TAR independent. Their distinct differences in infectivity/cytopathicity provide genetic evidence that Tat provides a transcriptionally independent function in determining infectivity and cytopathicity in the setting of a spreading viral infection. Given that all HIV virions normally contain four intact copies of TAR RNA, our findings suggest a re-examination of whether Tat could be a virion-TAR-associated protein and the possible implications of this for virus infectivity/cytopathicity.
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