ArticlePharmaceutical research1994
Enhanced hepatic uptake of liposomes through complement activation depending on the size of liposomes.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 1994. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- Encapsulation of Protein-Based Drug Carriers for Controlled Loading and Releasing Efficiency: A Review.The protein journal · 2026Review
- Engineering Liposomes and Polymer Conjugates: A Platform for Mechanistic Complement Activation Studies and Controlled Release Applications.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Progress on liposome delivery systems in the treatment of bladder cancer.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Formation and stability of green and low-cost magnetoliposomes of the soy lecithin, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol for hyperthermia treatments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Macrophage-targeted PEGylated liposomes ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Improvement in Curcumin's Stability and Release by Formulation in Flexible Nano-Liposomes.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Advances in Engineering Circular RNA Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Lipid nanovehicles overcome barriers to systemic RNA delivery: Lipid components, fabrication methods, and rational design.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Enhanced Pharmacokinetics of Celastrol via Long-Circulating Liposomal Delivery for Intravenous Administration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Nanoliposomes for Controlled Release of Cannabinodiol at Relevant Gastrointestinal Conditions.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Delivery: An Overview of the Production Techniques and Difficulties Encountered in Their Industrial Development.ACS materials Au · 2023Review
- Circular RNA vaccine in disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Liposomes for Tumor Targeted Therapy: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Development of Novel Lipid-Based Formulations for Water-Soluble Vitamin C versus Fat-Soluble Vitamin D3.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Albumin-Based Nanocarriers for the Simultaneous Delivery of Antioxidant Gene and Phytochemical to Combat Oxidative Stress.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- The Potential of Optimized Liposomes in Enhancement of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis of Encapsulated Egyptian Propolis on Hep-2 Cell Line.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Synthesis and characterization of peptide conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles for targeted cardiac uptake and drug delivery.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to differentiate the roles of opsonins and phagocytic cells in the size-dependent hepatic uptake of liposomes in the submicron region. The extent of opsonization decreased with the decrease in size of liposomes (from 800 to 200 nm in diameter) and no enhancement of uptake was observed at 200 nm. There was no effect of liposome size on the uptake of unopsonized liposomes. Serum was pretreated with empty liposomes of each size and its opsonic activity was measured in the perfused liver. The small liposomes could not consume the opsonic activity, while the larger ones did so substantially. These results suggest that opsonins bind to liposomes depending on the size of liposomes and phagocytic cells take up liposomes in proportion to the extent of opsonization. Size-dependent liposome degradation in serum was also found, which was consistent with the size-dependent complement activation, because liposomes with this composition have been shown to be degraded by complement. The mechanism of opsonization was examined by treating serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min or with anti-C3 antiserum. Since both treatments inhibited the opsonic activity, the hepatic uptake of liposomes is considered to occur via complement receptor. In conclusion, the size of liposomes affected complement recognition, and the liposomes were taken up by the liver depending on the extent of opsonization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
8008707What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.